“…Studies also show a clear negative association between socioeconomic status and disability pension (Allebeck & Mastekaasa, 2004;Bjørn-gaard et al, 2009). The risk of disability pension is higher in groups with low education (Bruusgaard, Smeby, & Claussen, 2010;Johansson, Leijon, Falkstedt, Farah, & Hemmingsson, 2012) or low socioeconomic status (Haukenes, Mykletun, Knudsen, Hansen, & Maeland, 2011;Østby, Ørstavik, Knudsen, ReichbornKjennerud, & Mykletun, 2011). Ross and Wu (1995) point to three categories of explanations for the relationship between education and health: (a) work and economic conditions (e.g., employment, full-time jobs, income, economic hardship), (b) social-psychological resources (e.g., personal control, social support), and (c) health-related aspects of lifestyle (e.g., exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, preventive medical care).…”