Disability Group Identification and Disability-Rights Advocacy

Discrimination has negative consequences for the health and well-being (HWB) of individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. Due to social and attitudinal barriers, we argue that disabled people comprise one of the groups most affected by discrimination. Using data from the European Social Survey, including representative samples from 32 countries surveyed in seven waves (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), we compared the effects of ableism on HWB with discrimination targeting other groups (e.g., sexism and ageism). We tested these effects between individuals (i.e., comparing the effects of individuals belonging to different disadvantaged groups) and within individuals (i.e., examining the case of individuals belonging to multiple disadvantaged categories). Results indicated that facing ableism is associated with lower HWB, and that this effect has a greater magnitude when compared to the effect of being discriminated because of other disadvantaged group memberships. Our findings highlight the significance of addressing ableism in research and social policy.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Group‐Based Discrimination with Health and Well‐Being: A Comparison of Ableism with Other “Isms”

Branco

Ramos

Hewstone

2019

“…Likewise, if PWD have spent a greater proportion of their lives with a disability, they should have lower expectations of changing their disability status (Bogart, ; Bogart et al., ). Indeed, Nario‐Redmond and Oleson () found that proportion of life with a disability was a significant predictor of attributing disability inequality to group‐based discrimination. Given these null findings, we suggest that participants’ beliefs about the rigidity or permeability of group boundaries are distinguishable from the physical capacity afforded by one's impairment presentation to physically approximate nondisabled group membership (Armenta et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing Ableism: A Social Identity Analysis of Disabled People Perceiving Discrimination as Illegitimate

Dirth

Branscombe

2019

A pernicious impact of ableism is its tendency to take-for-granted ability as a legitimate criterion for negative differential treatment, thereby making disability discrimination difficult to challenge for people with disabilities. This project aims to examine factors underlying disabled persons' perceptions of discrimination legitimacy and potential ways to make discrimination more unambiguously unacceptable. Study 1 (N = 340) tested the Social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel and Turner) prediction that sociostructural beliefs (i.e., group boundary permeability, cognitive alternatives to the status quo, and perceived pervasiveness of discrimination) are significant predictors of disabled group members perceiving discrimination as illegitimate. Study 2 (N = 189) extended this analysis to examine how disabled persons' endorsement of the social model of disability differentially shapes their perceptions of the sociostructural relations we tested in Study 1, and how those in turn predict perceptions of discrimination as illegitimate. The major findings of this research both validate social identity theory's proposed predictors of perceptions of discrimination as illegitimate and provide evidence that how one conceptualizes disability (endorsement of disability models) significantly affects disabled peoples' experience of ableism. This work is most relevant for disability political mobilization, because it accounts for the variability in how

“…Indeed, disabled people may also hold negative implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities (Harder, Keller, & Chopik, ). Such pathologized worldviews have broad implications for psychological well‐being, self‐advocacy, and social change for disability rights (Bogart, ; ; Dirth & Branscombe, ; Nario‐Redmond, Noel, & Fern, ; Nario‐Redmond & Oleson, ).…”

Section: Hostile Ableism Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations

Nario‐Redmond

Kemerling

Silverman

2019

Disabled people experience ableism in many forms from the seemingly benevolent to the blatantly hostile, and more ambivalent or mixed forms (e.g., paternalistic/condescending and jealous/envy). Rooted in historic and contemporary frameworks, this study explores the experiences of an international sample of disabled people (N = 185) using six open-ended questions to assess some of the manifestations of ableism documented in the literature. We found that experiences with paternalistic forms of ableism were among the most pervasive followed by inspirational, hostile, envious, and dehumanizing forms while fears of becoming disabled or "catching" disability were less commonly reported. Furthermore, some forms of ableism (e.g., infantilization, unwanted help, and invasions of privacy) were more common among those with visible impairments whereas invalidation and accusations of fraud were more common among those with less apparent conditions. Implications for policies related to hate crimes, health care, and media representations are discussed along with directions for future research.If I tell someone I don't like their pitying behavior or point out that their kind intent had a harmful impact, they become hostile, usually accusing me of being ungrateful or disabled people like me as "too sensitive" (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015). People go from pity party, you're so inspirational to you're an ungrateful bitch really fast when I turn down help. (Person with multiple disabilities, 2015).In many ways, the manifestations of ableism are comparable to other minority group prejudices expressed as fear, denigration, and dehumanizing actions on the