Dirofilaria (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) Infection in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected in Louisiana

Comiskey, Nora; Wesson, Dawn M.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/32.5.734

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In 1994, first‐stage Dirofilaria larvae, probably D. immitis , were found infecting the Malpighian tubules in three of 163 Ae. albopictus collected from New Orleans, LA, which is the first report of a Dirofilaria infection in the U.S.A. in the species (Comiskey & Wesson, 1995). Shortly thereafter, an experimental transmission study showed that a small portion of the natural population of Ae.…”

Section: Aedes Albopictus In the Americas And Its Vector Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus

Gratz¹

2004

Medical Vet Entomology

1,030

809

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Abstract. The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), originally indigenous to South-east Asia, islands of the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, has spread during recent decades to Africa, the mid-east, Europe and the Americas (north and south) after extending its range eastwards across Pacific islands during the early 20th century. The majority of introductions are apparently due to transportation of dormant eggs in tyres. Among public health authorities in the newly infested countries and those threatened with the introduction, there has been much concern that Ae. albopictus would lead to serious outbreaks of arbovirus diseases (Ae. albopictus is a competent vector for at least 22 arboviruses), notably dengue (all four serotypes) more commonly transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.). Results of many laboratory studies have shown that many arboviruses are readily transmitted by Ae. albopictus to laboratory animals and birds, and have frequently been isolated from wild-caught mosquitoes of this species, particularly in the Americas. As Ae. albopictus continues to spread, displacing Ae. aegypti in some areas, and is anthropophilic throughout its range, it is important to review the literature and attempt to predict whether the medical risks are as great as have been expressed in scientific journals and the popular press. Examination of the extensive literature indicates that Ae. albopictus probably serves as a maintenance vector of dengue in rural areas of dengue-endemic countries of South-east Asia and Pacific islands. Also Ae. albopictus transmits dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) in South-east Asia, south-eastern U.S.A. and both D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens (Raillet & Henry) in Italy. Despite the frequent isolation of dengue viruses from wild-caught mosquitoes, there is no evidence that Ae. albopictus is an important urban vector of dengue, except in a limited number of countries where Ae. aegypti is absent, i.e. parts of China, the Seychelles, historically in Japan and most recently in Hawaii. Further research is needed on the dynamics of the interaction between Ae. albopictus and other Stegomyia species. Surveillance must also be maintained on the vectorial role of Ae. albopictus in countries endemic for dengue and other arboviruses (e.g. Chikungunya, EEE, Ross River, WNV, LaCrosse and other California group viruses), for which it would be competent and ecologically suited to serve as a bridge vector.

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Section: Aedes Albopictus In the Americas And Its Vector Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus

Gratz¹

2004

Medical Vet Entomology

1,030

809

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“…albopictus regarding its involvement on the transmission of several diseases to the human population (dirofilariasis amongst them; Cancrini et al, 1995). Its vectorial capacity has been proved in the transmission of Dengue fever and Yellow fever, is a potential vector for several arbovirus (Mitchell, 1995) and its capacity to transmit infective larvae of D. immitis has been confirmed in its area of origin, in Italy and some areas of North America (Comiskey and Wesson, 1995; Cancrini et al, 2003; Gratz, 2004). In a recent study of the nutritional habits of the mosquito carried out in the province of Rome, it was observed that in the urban areas Ae.…”

Section: Factors Contributing To the Spreading Of Canine Cardiopulmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Their Vectors in Europe – New Distribution Trends

Morchón¹,

Carretón²,

et al. 2012

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Cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, which affects mainly canids and felids. Moreover, it causes zoonotic infections, producing pulmonary dirofilariasis in humans. Heartworm disease is a vector-borne transmitted disease, thus transmission depends on the presence of competent mosquito species, which is directly related to favorable climate conditions for its development and survival. Cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis is mainly located in countries with temperate and tropical climates. Europe is one of the continents where animal dirofilariasis has been studied more extensively. In this article we review the current prevalence of canine and feline cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in the European continent, the transmission vectors, the current changes in the distribution and the possible causes, though the analysis of the epidemiological studies carried out until 2001 and between 2002 and 2011. The highest prevalences have been observed in the southern European countries, which are considered historically endemic/hyperendemic countries. Studies carried out in the last 10 years suggest an expansion of cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in dogs toward central and northern Europe. Several factors can exert an influence on the spreading of the disease, such as movement of infected animals, the introduction of new species of mosquitoes able to act as vectors, the climate change caused by the global warming, and development of human activity in new areas. Veterinary controls to prevent the spreading of this disease, programs of control of vectors, and adequate protocols of prevention of dirofilariasis in the susceptible species should be carried out.

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“…Dog heartworm is a mosquito-transmitted disease with a cosmopolitan distribution [7,8]. The mosquito becomes infected when it ingests microfilaria during the act of blood feeding on an infectious host.…”

Section: Factors and Their Selection Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%