Directional couplers fabricated via a sol–gel route and conventional optical lithography

Tyszkiewicz, Cuma; Karasiński, Paweł; Rogoziński, R.

doi:10.1007/s11082-015-0283-2

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The propagation loss at W = 5.5 μm is larger compared with W = 6.5 μm and 6.0 μm, which can be explained as that when the waveguide is narrow, scattering loss becomes a little bit large. The lowest measured propagation loss of the WCSWs is 0.81 dB/cm, which is lower than the SiO 2 -TiO 2 rib waveguide fabricated by wet etching [17]. The silicon ridge waveguide usually shows large propagation loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Weak One-Dimensional Field Confinement Silica Waveguides

Zhao

Lin

et al. 2020

IEEE Photonics J.

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A novel weak one-dimensional field confinement silica waveguide (WCSW) with a large horizontal and vertical aspect ratio and low refractive index difference is proposed and fabricated via sol-gel technique. This new type of waveguide exhibits properties of high lithography tolerance, low polarization dependence, low propagation loss and low coupling loss with a single-mode fiber. More importantly, WCSW can provide extremely large evanescent field in vertical direction. The measured propagation loss and coupling loss are as low as 0.81 dB/cm and 0.71 dB/facet, respectively. In addition, high efficiency vertical coupling with a 1.9 μm gap between a WCSW bus waveguide and a WCSW based high Q (5.4 × 10 4) ring resonator is achieved, which demonstrates that vertical integration of WCSW is potentially applicable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Weak One-Dimensional Field Confinement Silica Waveguides

Zhao

Lin

et al. 2020

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…Silica-titania rib waveguides studied in this paper fulfill this condition. Directional couplers based on them are single mode despite the fact that effective indices of the first order horizontal modes HE01 and EH01 are boundtheir effective indices are higher than the substrate refractive index [48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Single Mode Condition for Silica-Titania Rib Waveguides on Glass Substrates

Tyszkiewicz

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A single mode condition (SMC) for silica-titania rib waveguides on glass is the subject of this work. There are two mechanisms leading to the single mode propagation of a lightwave in rib waveguides. Considering waveguides whose rib width is greater than a thickness of a parent-slab waveguide, the one that would be created by extending the rib in the horizontal direction, the first mechanism is related to the leaking of HE01 and EH01 modes to slab waveguides on either side of the rib. The second mechanism is related to cut-off of those modes. Presented condition is expressed by two criterion functions. The first function, corresponding with the first mechanism, was introduced in our previous work describing the SMC for shallow rib waveguides. The second one, allowing to predict when the first order modes are cut-off is presented in this work. As a result, the complete SMC is formulated. It allows to predict a range of morphological parameters in which propagation is single mode, not only in shallow but also in deep rib waveguides. Moreover, considering the leaking of the HE01 mode, it is shown that the prediction is accurate by using coefficients of criterion functions obtained by the linear interpolation.

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“…Enami et al (Enami et al, 2007) designed a Mach-Zehnder modulator, in which both the cladding and the core consist of a widely used precursor for hybrid materials, methacryloyloxy propyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) and an index modifier, zirconium propoxide. Allinorganic directional couplers were fabricated through conventional photoresist and ammonia fluoride wet chemical etching of a sol-gel derived silica-titania (SiO 2 :TiO 2 ) layer several years later by Cuma Tyszkiewicz et al (Tyszkiewicz et al, 2016).…”

Section: Single-mode Sol-gel Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Thin Film Processing for Integrated Waveguide Sensors

Alberti

Jágerská

2021

Front. Mater.

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Integrated opto-chemical sensors present great advantages in comparison to the current lab equipment. They bring portability, reduced costs, facilitate in-situ measurements, as well as largely reduced sample volumes. In this quest, standard processing protocols over established materials, such as silicon nitride, silicon, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, and even a wide variety of polymers have so far been the key toward on-chip devices. However, if very specific materials in terms of composition and tailored properties are required, the deposition via a solution represents a viable alternative. In this review, we highlight the role of sol-gel chemistry and top-down processing of sol-gel thin film layers in the design of waveguide-based optical sensors. In particular, we stress the advantages of porous sol-gel based materials as a new approach to increase sensitivity and selectivity, first when used as claddings, and, more recently, as waveguides with enhanced light–analyte interaction. We finally discuss the future perspectives of such devices to increase specificity in complex matrices, which is of utmost importance for bio-sensing.

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Directional couplers fabricated via a sol–gel route and conventional optical lithography

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Weak One-Dimensional Field Confinement Silica Waveguides

Weak One-Dimensional Field Confinement Silica Waveguides

Complete Single Mode Condition for Silica-Titania Rib Waveguides on Glass Substrates

Sol-Gel Thin Film Processing for Integrated Waveguide Sensors

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