Directional annealing of cold-rolled copper single crystals

Baker, I.; Li, J

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(01)00384-6

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Below T c,eff ≈ 54 °C, this equivalence breaks down, which possibly indicates that somewhere in this range is a critical velocity, v crit , above which the directional process is no longer equivalent to the corresponding isothermal crystallization process. Again, this was previously postulated by L&G; the phenomenon of a critical velocity has also been reported for directional crystallization of nickel and copper. , …”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…Again, this was previously postulated by L&G; 9 the phenomenon of a critical velocity has also been reported for directional crystallization of nickel and copper. 23 , 24 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, this was previously postulated by L&G; 9 the phenomenon of a critical velocity has also been reported for directional crystallization of nickel and copper. 23,24 The bulk crystalline fraction is measured via DSC. The integral under the heat flow curve during the first heating cycle provides the enthalpy of fusion, which when normalized by the enthalpy for 100% crystalline PEO (205.4 J/g) 25 yields φ c,w , the crystal weight fraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Directional Polymer Crystallization

et al. 2020

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Zone annealing, a directional crystallization technique originally used for the purification of semiconductors, is applied here to crystalline polymers. Tight control over the final lamellar orientation and thickness of semicrystalline polymers can be obtained by directionally solidifying the material under optimal conditions. It has previously been postulated by Lovinger and Gryte that, at steady state, the crystal growth rate of a polymer undergoing zone annealing is equal to the velocity at which the sample is drawn through the temperature gradient. These researchers further implied that directional crystallization only occurs below a critical velocity, when crystal growth rate dominates over nucleation. Here, we perform an analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and cross-polarized optical microscopy of zone-annealed poly(ethylene oxide) to examine these conjectures. Our long period data validate the steady-state ansatz, while an analysis of Herman’s orientation function confirms the existence of a transitional region around a critical velocity, v crit , where there is a coexistence of oriented and isotropic domains. Below v crit , directional crystallization is achieved, while above v crit , the mechanism more closely resembles that of conventional isotropic isothermal crystallization.

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supporting

confidence: 72%

“…Again, this was previously postulated by L&G; 9 the phenomenon of a critical velocity has also been reported for directional crystallization of nickel and copper. 23 , 24 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Directional Polymer Crystallization

et al. 2020

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“…Notably, the ambient temperature significantly affects the development of Σ3 boundaries around the demarcation line just before the short circuit occurs. This phenomenon can be explained using the obtained by Baker et al [25]. They observed that the fraction of Σ3 boundaries increased as the temperature gradient at the front of the hot zone decreased, and the annealing temperature increased during the directional annealing of cold-rolled copper single crystals.…”

Section: Boundary Characteristics Analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

Potential Method to Distinguish Copper Molten Marks Using Boundary and Grain Characteristics

et al. 2022

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The microstructure of molten marks changes according to ambient temperatures, when a short circuit occurs. Investigation of microstructural changes is important for understanding the properties of copper and examining the cause of a fire. In this study, the boundary characteristics and grain-size distribution of molten marks—primary-arc beads (PABs), which short-circuited at room temperature (25 °C), and secondary-arc beads (SABs), which short-circuited at high temperatures (600 °C, 900 °C)—were compared using electron backscatter diffraction. The distribution of Σ3 boundaries was compared, and it was found that SABs have a higher fraction of Σ3 boundaries than PABs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the ratio of maximum grain size (area) to the total area of the molten mark in SABs is larger than that in PABs. Thus, reliable discriminant factors were suggested, such as the fraction of Σ3 boundaries and normalized maximum grain size, which can distinguish PABs and SABs. The four discriminant factors, such as the (001)//LD, GAR, fraction of Σ3 boundaries, and fraction of maximum grain size to the total molten-mark area, were verified using the machine learning of t-SNE and Pearson correlation analyses.

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“…The set-up of the small furnace is described in detail in reference [14]. The hot zone speeds used were 2, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm/h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%