An EBSP study of directionally recrystallized cold-rolled nickel

Li, J.; Baker, I.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.017

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An example of this can be found in the recrystallization of metals. Li and Baker (2005) found that the primary recrystallization of cold-rolled, high purity nickel at 400°C resulted in a weak cube texture with a lesser {124}(21-1) component. After secondary recrystallization, only the {124}(21-1); oriented grains remained.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of meteoric ice from Vostok, Antarctica

Obbard

Baker

2007

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. The 3623 m long, 5G core collected at Vostok station, Antarctica, contains alternating layers of meteoric ice with two distinctly different microstructures. In this paper, we present the microstructure and impurity content of a number of specimens ranging in depth from 97 to 3416 m, describe in detail the characteristics of the different layers and propose a mechanism for their microstructural development. Digital image analysis, ion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to measure texture and the location and type of impurities; electron backscatter diffraction was used to determine crystal orientation. The ice associated with interglacial periods is characterized by relatively coarse grains and a strong preferred orientation of the c axes in a plane encompassing the coring direction, producing a vertical-girdle fabric. In contrast, ice from glacial periods is characterized by a much smaller grain size and a strong singlemaximum fabric, where the c axes are clustered around the vertical. Calcium is uniquely present in the grain boundaries of the fine-grained glacial layers, and its effect on grain-boundary mobility and the misorientation dependence of mobility can explain the development of the discontinuous microstructure seen in glacial ice at Vostok station.

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Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of meteoric ice from Vostok, Antarctica

Obbard

Baker

2007

J. Glaciol.

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“…Both Baker et al [36,37] and Zhang et al [38,41,44] have found that in particle-free metals or alloys, there is a lower limit to the annealing temperature for columnar grain formation through directional secondary Si 1373 NS 3-30 [13] Ni-based superalloy PWA1123 NS NS NS [14] Fe-3wt-%Si 1323-1623 320-550 increased with increasing T 19 [15] Ni-base superalloy TMO-2 1563 25 50-100 [16] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1123-1373 NS NS [17] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1373-1573 NS 48-600 [18] Ni-base superalloy APK-6 1493 NS 2.0-20.0 [19] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 and MA760 1523 NS 2-200 K min −1 (heating rate) [20] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1443 25 38 [21] Fe-based Superalloy MA957 1673 NS 20-75 [22] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1623 40 38 [23] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1223-1503 NS 15-400 [24] Ni-based superalloy PM3030 1503 100 NS [25] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 and MA760 1573 40 38 [26] Fe-based Superalloy MA 956 and MA957 1533-1613 50-140 24-75 [27] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 and MA760 1448 NS 38 [28] Ni-base superalloy MA760 and iron-based superalloy MA 956 ∼1523 NS 48-600 [29] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1223-1273 NS 10-100 [30] Ni-base superalloy SRR99 ∼1533 NS 5 [31] Ni-base superalloy MA6000 1573 NS 38 [32] N i 3 Al 1698 NS 25-100 [33] Ni-base superalloy APK-6 1493 NS NS [34] TiAl-based alloy 1553-1593 NS 1.62 and 4.02 K min −1 (heating rate) [35] Cu 643-743 70-270 2-600 [36] Ni 1273 ∼1000 and 50 2-100 [37] Ni 1073-1273 ∼1000 and 50 2-100 [38] Iron 973-1123 ∼200 3.6-90 [39] Iron 1123-1473 ∼200 and 400 3.6-90 [40] Iron 1123 ∼200 0.36-90 [41] Iron 948-1173 ∼200 1.08-108 …”

Section: Annealing Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the temperature gradient along the drawing direction depends on the experimental set-up used for directional recrystallisation. Usually, the temperature gradient of air-cooled furnaces is tens to several hundreds of K cm −1 [7][8][9]15,26,35,36,45,47,57] while furnaces designed with a heat sink can provide a temperature gradient from 100 to 1000 K cm −1 [3][4][5][6]8,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,48,49,52,53,55,56], depending on the furnace layout and cooling system. The heating source, cooling method and temperature gradient noted in various papers are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Temperature Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, directional recrystallisation can easily be scaled up [13,66,75], enabling the large blades that are used in utility turbines to be made in greater yields than is currently possible with directional solidification, where distortion and cracking of the core, shell rupture, mould-metal reactions, and several different types of defects cause low yields, as shown in Figure 3 [66]; . Very thin sheets of columnar grains or single crystals can be grown [12,[35][36][37][38]39,40,41,43,46,52,53,55,56,58] that might be difficult to produce by other means.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directional recrystallisation processing: a review

Yang

Baker

2020

International Materials Reviews

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Directional recrystallisation processing is a solid-state process in which a specimen traverses a sharp hot zone and one or a few grains grow as they pass through the hot zone. The mechanism can be either a primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. The mechanism can be either primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. Directional recrystallisation was invented more than 80 years ago to achieve columnar grain structures or single crystals that have enhanced mechanical properties. This review discusses the effects of both processing parameters, including the temperature gradient, hot-zone velocity, and annealing temperature, and microstructural parameters, including stored energy, grain size, initial texture, solutes, and both soluble and insoluble particles, on the resulting microstructures. The results of simulations of directional recrystallisation, including Monte Carlo simulations, Front-Tracking methods, and phase-field simulations, are also reviewed. Finally, the effects of directional recrystallisation on material properties are discussed.

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“…Eles identificaram que a curvatura final dos grãos está relacionada ao número de lados do grão e também à diferença de energias entre os contornos formados pelo encontro do grão com orientação preferencial e seus vizinhos, de orientação aleatória, sendo γg-m/γm-m. O modelo de Glicksman et al (2007) SZPUNAR, 2001;PARK et al, 2004;SAMAJDAR et al, 1999). A mesma relação é verificada nos grãos-ilha formados pela recristalização direcional no níquel (LI;BAKER, 2005) e no ferro puro (ZHANG et al, 2006 PEASE et al, 1981;PARK et al, 2004;CHEN et al, 2003). Outros modelos consideram que a anisotropia na mobilidade dos contornos é o fator necessário ao crescimento descontínuo de algumas orientações sobre a matriz (HARASE, 1995).…”

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Crescimento de grão num fio de ferro comercialmente puro trefilado a frio

Junior¹,

de²

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This Dissertation aims follow the microstructural changes occurring during isothermal annealing of commercially-pure cold-drawn iron wire, with emphasys on grain growth phenomena. The grain size data were obtained by means of the linear intercept method. The orientations scanning were done by means of electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSD). Isothermal annealing was performed within the temperature range 823-1173 K for several times. The material displays full recrystallization at temperatures above 873 K. Normal grain growth was observed above 1023 K, although this growth did not evolve through longer annealing times. The results of the linear intercept method show the grain size distribution has a log-normal shape. For samples annealed above 1123 K, abnormal grain growth occurs. The first signs of secondary recrystallization appear close to the center of the wire, growing towards the surface. Changes in the wire diameter and annealing atmosphere were performed to assess the effect of these variables on abnormal grain growth. Results point out that abnormal grain growth is driven by solid-state wetting. These morphological observations were also confirmed by micro and mesotexture analyses. The microtexture also shows the presence of two major fiber texture components <001> || WD and <111> || WD, were WD is the axial wire-drawn direction. The first one is the most intense and its strengthening seems to be related with abnormal grain growth. The second one is weaker and it seems to be most related with small primary recrystallized grains. Theoretical and analytical features about grain growth are presented and discussed in light of literature and experimental results.

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An EBSP study of directionally recrystallized cold-rolled nickel

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

The microstructure of meteoric ice from Vostok, Antarctica

The microstructure of meteoric ice from Vostok, Antarctica

Directional recrystallisation processing: a review

Crescimento de grão num fio de ferro comercialmente puro trefilado a frio

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