“…Using computer simulations of optic flow, Warren and his colleagues (Warren & Harmon, 1988Warren, Mestre, Blackwell, & Morris, 1991;Warren, Morris, & Kalish, 1988) found that for accurate heading perception, visual pickup was shown to be sufficient (Warren & Hannon, 1988. Using faster simulated and actual eye rotations, Royden, Crowell, and Banks (1994;see also Banks, Ehrlich, Backus, & Crowell, 1996), on the other hand, found clear evidence that extraretinal information about eye movements affects perceived heading; identical retinal patterns led to different perceived directions (and even path types-linear vs. curved) depending on whether the eyes were moving.…”