Direction of self-motion is perceived from optical flow

Warren, William H.; Hannon, Daniel

doi:10.1038/336162a0

Cited by 543 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Using computer simulations of optic flow, Warren and his colleagues (Warren & Harmon, 1988Warren, Mestre, Blackwell, & Morris, 1991;Warren, Morris, & Kalish, 1988) found that for accurate heading perception, visual pickup was shown to be sufficient (Warren & Hannon, 1988. Using faster simulated and actual eye rotations, Royden, Crowell, and Banks (1994;see also Banks, Ehrlich, Backus, & Crowell, 1996), on the other hand, found clear evidence that extraretinal information about eye movements affects perceived heading; identical retinal patterns led to different perceived directions (and even path types-linear vs. curved) depending on whether the eyes were moving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding some light on catching in the dark: Perceptual mechanisms for catching fly balls.

Oudejans¹,

Michaels²,

Bakker³

et al. 1999

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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To catch a lofted ball, a catcher must pick up information that guides locomotion to where the ball will land. The acceleration of tangent of the elevation angle of the ball (AT) has received empirical support as a possible source of this information. Little, however, has been said about how the information is detected. Do catchers fixate on a stationary point, or do they track the ball with their gaze? Experiment 1 revealed that catchers use eye and head movements to track the ball. This means that if AT is picked up retinally, it must be done by means of background motion. Alternatively, AT could be picked up by extraretinal mechanisms, such as the vestibular and proprioceptive systems. In Experiment 2, catchers reliably ran to intercept luminous fly balls in the dark, that is, in absence of a visual background, under both binocular and monocular viewing conditions. This indicates that the optical information is not detected by a retinal mechanism alone.Although outfielders continue to catch fly balls without problems, scientists are still in search of the perceptual information that makes this behavior possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding some light on catching in the dark: Perceptual mechanisms for catching fly balls.

Oudejans¹,

Michaels²,

Bakker³

et al. 1999

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Two studies set the current agenda: Warren and Hannon (1988) presented their observers with two types of stimuli that simulated ground fixation during locomotion. In the first, real rotation (RR) condition, observers made eye movements to track a ground point as it moved to the side of their path before making a heading judgment.…”

Section: Heading and Er Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Banks et al (1996) re-evaluated the two arguments. Using the procedure of Warren and Hannon (1988), rotation was then added to the retinal image in one of two ways: either through real eye movements (RR) or by SR, and the proportion of each type of rotation was then varied. For each of five conditions, as the proportion of RR reduced (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%) the amount of rotation due to SR increased correspondingly (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%).…”

Section: Heading and Er Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Wilkie

Wann

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

111

137

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The contribution of retinal flow (RF), extra retinal (ER), and egocentric visual direction (VD) information in locomotor control was explored. First, the recovery of heading from RF was examined when ER information was manipulated; results confirmed that ER signals affect heading judgments.Then the task was translated to steering curved paths and the availability and veracity of VD was manipulated with either degraded or systematically biased RF. Large steering errors resulted from selective manipulation of RF and VD, providing strong evidence for the combination of RF, ER, and VD. The relative weighting applied to RF and VD was estimated. A point-attractor model is proposed that combines redundant sources of information for robust locomotor control with flexible trajectory planning through active gaze.

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“…In this way MSTd could map out the relationship between the expansion focus and heading with relatively few neurons, each adjusting its focus preference according to the velocity of the eye. Similar models have been proposed by Perrone & Stone (1994) and by Warren (1995), but their models require separate heading maps for different combinations of eye direction and speed (rather than a smaller number of cells that are adjusted to account for eye movement).…”

Section: Visual Motion and Pursuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Representation of Space in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Its Use in Planning Movements

Andersen

Snyder

Bradley

et al. 1997

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

1,280

637

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Recent experiments are reviewed that indicate that sensory signals from many modalities, as well as efference copy signals from motor structures, converge in the posterior parietal cortex in order to code the spatial locations of goals for movement. These signals are combined using a specific gain mechanism that enables the different coordinate frames of the various input signals to be combined into common, distributed spatial representations. These distributed representations can be used to convert the sensory locations of stimuli into the appropriate motor coordinates required for making directed movements. Within these spatial representations of the posterior parietal cortex are neural activities related to higher cognitive functions, including attention. We review recent studies showing that the encoding of intentions to make movements is also among the cognitive functions of this area.

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Direction of self-motion is perceived from optical flow

Cited by 543 publications

References 10 publications

Shedding some light on catching in the dark: Perceptual mechanisms for catching fly balls.

Shedding some light on catching in the dark: Perceptual mechanisms for catching fly balls.

Controlling steering and judging heading: Retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information.

Multimodal Representation of Space in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Its Use in Planning Movements

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