“…In many cases, cells such as rat osteoblasts, bovine chondrocytes, bovine aortic vascular endothelial cells, and mouse endothelial progenitor cells migrate towards the cathode (Chao et al, 2000;Ferrier et al, 1986;Li and Kolega, 2002;Ozkucur et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2011). However, some cells including rabbit osteoclasts, human osteosarcoma cells, rabbit corneal endothelial cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells migrate in the opposite direction, towards the anode (Chang et al, 1996;Ferrier et al, 1986;Ozkucur Z Zhao et al Electrotaxis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Zhao et al, 2004).…”