Directing gaze in narrative art

McNamara, Ann; Booth, Thomas; Sridharan, Srinivas; Caffey, Stephen; Grimm, Cindy; Bailey, Reynold

doi:10.1145/2338676.2338689

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They showed that SGD improves the performance for search tasks in images without the participants noticing the modulation. The same method was investigated for guiding in narrative art, with static images [62]. Grogorick et al extended this method to virtual environments [61].…”

Section: Subtle Gaze Direction (Sgd) With Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance in Cinematic Virtual Reality-Taxonomy, Research Status and Challenges

Rothe

Buschek

Hußmann

2019

MTI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR), the viewer of an omnidirectional movie can freely choose the viewing direction when watching a movie. Therefore, traditional techniques in filmmaking for guiding the viewers’ attention cannot be adapted directly to CVR. Practices such as panning or changing the frame are no longer defined by the filmmaker; rather it is the viewer who decides where to look. In some stories, it is necessary to show certain details to the viewer, which should not be missed. At the same time, the freedom of the viewer to look around in the scene should not be destroyed. Therefore, techniques are needed which guide the attention of the spectator to visual information in the scene. Attention guiding also has the potential to improve the general viewing experience, since viewers will be less afraid to miss something when watching an omnidirectional movie where attention-guiding techniques have been applied. In recent years, there has been a lot of research about attention guiding in images, movies, virtual reality, augmented reality and also in CVR. We classify these methods and offer a taxonomy for attention-guiding methods. Discussing the different characteristics, we elaborate the advantages and disadvantages, give recommendations for use cases and apply the taxonomy to several examples of guiding methods.

show abstract

Section: Subtle Gaze Direction (Sgd) With Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance in Cinematic Virtual Reality-Taxonomy, Research Status and Challenges

Rothe

Buschek

Hußmann

2019

MTI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Subtle gaze direction (SGD) uses an eye‐tracker to turn off the flicker when the user initiates a saccade towards the flickering region of interest [BMSG09]. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of SGD for static image regions [BMSG09] as well as narratives through artwork [MBS*12] without users even noticing the flickering. Further research indicates that this kind of gaze manipulation also increases memory recall [BMC*12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flicker Observer Effect: Guiding Attention Through High Frequency Flicker in Images

Waldin

Waldner

Viola

2017

Computer Graphics Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drawing the user's gaze to an important item in an image or a graphical user interface is a common challenge. Usually, some form of highlighting is used, such as a clearly distinct color or a border around the item. Flicker can also be very salient, but is often perceived as annoying. In this paper, we explore high frequency flicker (60 to 72 Hz) to guide the user's attention in an image. At such high frequencies, the critical flicker frequency (CFF) threshold is reached, which makes the flicker appear to fuse into a stable signal. However, the CFF is not uniform across the visual field, but is higher in the peripheral vision at normal lighting conditions. Through experiments, we show that high frequency flicker can be easily detected by observers in the peripheral vision, but the signal is hardly visible in the foveal vision when users directly look at the flickering patch. We demonstrate that this property can be used to draw the user's attention to important image regions using a standard high refresh-rate computer monitor with minimal visible modifications to the image. In an uncalibrated visual search task, users could in a crowded image easily spot the specified search targets flickering with very high frequency. They also reported that high frequency flicker was distracting when they had to attend to another region, while it was hardly noticeable when looking at the flickering region itself.

show abstract

“…Gaze guidance has also been combined with vibrotactile feedback [25], visual feedback in AR [45], and non-verbal auditory feedback [34]. In addition, subconscious approaches to gaze guidance have been suggested that use image modulations in the user's periphery [4,37]. In this research, we use verbal audio descriptions, but make them dependent on the user's current gaze position.…”

Section: Gaze Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%