Flicker Observer Effect: Guiding Attention Through High Frequency Flicker in Images

Waldin, Nicholas; Waldner, Manuela; Viola, Ivan

doi:10.1111/cgf.13141

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thus, visual quality can be reduced even further (Selective rendering). However, attentional models and gaze predictions are far from accurate [ 5 ] However, more recently the flicker observer e ect and the higher temporal resolution for peripheral vision has successfully been used to direct the user’s gaze directly [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quality-Centered Analysis of Eye Tracking Data in Foveated Rendering

Roth¹,

Weier²,

Hinkenjann³

et al. 2017

JEMR

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This work presents the analysis of data recorded by an eye tracking device in the course of evaluating a foveated rendering approach for head-mounted displays (HMDs). Foveated ren- dering methods adapt the image synthesis process to the user’s gaze and exploiting the human visual system’s limitations to increase rendering performance. Especially, foveated rendering has great potential when certain requirements have to be fulfilled, like low-latency rendering to cope with high display refresh rates. This is crucial for virtual reality (VR), as a high level of immersion, which can only be achieved with high rendering performance and also helps to reduce nausea, is an important factor in this field. We put things in context by first providing basic information about our rendering system, followed by a description of the user study and the collected data. This data stems from fixation tasks that subjects had to perform while being shown fly-through sequences of virtual scenes on an HMD. These fixation tasks consisted of a combination of various scenes and fixation modes. Besides static fixation targets, moving tar- gets on randomized paths as well as a free focus mode were tested. Using this data, we estimate the precision of the utilized eye tracker and analyze the participants’ accuracy in focusing the displayed fixation targets. Here, we also take a look at eccentricity-dependent quality ratings. Comparing this information with the users’ quality ratings given for the displayed sequences then reveals an interesting connection between fixation modes, fixation accuracy and quality ratings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quality-Centered Analysis of Eye Tracking Data in Foveated Rendering

Roth¹,

Weier²,

Hinkenjann³

et al. 2017

JEMR

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show abstract

“…However, the CFF is a very sensitive attribute and depends not only on the regions of the eye but also on [34,35] CFF can be used for creating stimuli cues and developing guiding methods. Some research has been done which used the CFF for gaze directing in images [36]. However, such methods cannot be easily adapted to movies, since alteration in the movie image can make the flickering stimuli ineffective and the threshold has to be increased, making the method no longer subtle [13].…”

Section: Basics About Physiology Of the Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some research on how SGD can be used without an eye tracker. Waldin et al [36] took advantage of the fact that the peripheral vision is more sensitive to highly frequent flickering than the foveal vision. Therefore, the critical fusion frequency (CFF) is different in these areas.…”

Section: Subtle Gaze Direction (Sgd) With High Frequent Flickersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance in Cinematic Virtual Reality-Taxonomy, Research Status and Challenges

Rothe

Buschek

Hußmann

2019

MTI

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In Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR), the viewer of an omnidirectional movie can freely choose the viewing direction when watching a movie. Therefore, traditional techniques in filmmaking for guiding the viewers’ attention cannot be adapted directly to CVR. Practices such as panning or changing the frame are no longer defined by the filmmaker; rather it is the viewer who decides where to look. In some stories, it is necessary to show certain details to the viewer, which should not be missed. At the same time, the freedom of the viewer to look around in the scene should not be destroyed. Therefore, techniques are needed which guide the attention of the spectator to visual information in the scene. Attention guiding also has the potential to improve the general viewing experience, since viewers will be less afraid to miss something when watching an omnidirectional movie where attention-guiding techniques have been applied. In recent years, there has been a lot of research about attention guiding in images, movies, virtual reality, augmented reality and also in CVR. We classify these methods and offer a taxonomy for attention-guiding methods. Discussing the different characteristics, we elaborate the advantages and disadvantages, give recommendations for use cases and apply the taxonomy to several examples of guiding methods.

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“…It may be related to flicker fusion phenomenon. Flicker fusion phenomenon results from persistence of vision (Carmel et al 2005;Waldin et al 2017), which is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina. When the temporal frequency increased to some extent, the afterimage may overlap the actual image, and then edge rate lines appears to be completely steady to the observer, as shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Influence Of Temporal Frequency On Speed Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Mechanism of Visual Perception of Edge Rate Lines Cycle Length on Driver’s Speed

Liu

Hong

et al. 2020

Transport

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It is known that the installation of edge rate lines can help reduce driving speed. Theoretically, higher edge rate density leads to higher perception speed, so as the effect of speed reduction. However, there has not been a successful evaluation of appropriate design cycle length requirements. A series of experiments were taken on the straight sections on Hangrui highway in China. The cycle length was separately set in different values of 16, 8, 4, 2 and 1 m. The results showed that cycle length had significantly influence on the speed reduction effect. When the length of spatial edge rate line in each cycle λ equalled to the value of 16, 8, 4, 2 m, the effect of speed reduction was significantly enhanced as λ decreased. Percent of average speed reduction was 0.8, 3.0, 5.8 and 7.4%, respectively. However, when λ = 1 m, speed reduction effect was weaker than λ = 2 m, reduction percent of average speed was 5.2%. Then, relations between acceleration and average edge rate was analysed. When temporal frequency of edge rate lines fell in (10 Hz, 19 Hz], the braking deceleration of drivers increased as the temporal frequency increased, which conformed to the relation between temporal frequency and perception speed; when temporal frequency was lower than 10 Hz, some drivers will speed up. It may be related to the threshold of perception speed difference; when temporal frequency was higher than 19 Hz, some drivers will speed up. It may be related to flicker fusion phenomenon. According to the experiments results, edge rate lines cycle length for future implementations should be determined by the speed distribution of the target road.

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Flicker Observer Effect: Guiding Attention Through High Frequency Flicker in Images

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

A Quality-Centered Analysis of Eye Tracking Data in Foveated Rendering

A Quality-Centered Analysis of Eye Tracking Data in Foveated Rendering

Guidance in Cinematic Virtual Reality-Taxonomy, Research Status and Challenges

Influence Mechanism of Visual Perception of Edge Rate Lines Cycle Length on Driver’s Speed

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