Directed and Elliptic Flow in 197 Au+ 197 Au at Intermediate Energies

Łukasik, J.; Auger, G.; Begemann-Blaich, M.; Collaborations, Aladin

doi:10.1556/aph.25.2006.2-4.11

Cited by 18 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is due to its sensitive response to the model ingredients that define the equation of state. A lot of theoretical and experimental effort has been made in studying the collective flow in heavy-ion collisions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This collective motion of the particles in a heavy-ion collision can be studied via directed and elliptical flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FOPI, INDRA, and PLASTIC BALL Collaborations [4,5] are actively involved in measuring the excitation function of elliptical flow from Fermi energies to relativistic energies. In most of these studies, the 79 Au 197 + 79 Au 197 reaction has been taken [4,5]. Interestingly, a change in the elliptical flow was reported from positive to negative values around 100 MeV/nucleon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elliptical flow and isospin effects in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Kumar

Puri

2010

Phys. Rev. C

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The elliptical flow of fragments is studied for different systems at incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. Our findings reveal that elliptical flow shows a transition from positive (in-plane) to negative (out-of-plane) values in the midrapidity region at a certain incident energy known as the transition energy. This transition energy is found to depend on the model ingredients, size of the fragments, and composite mass of the reacting system as well as on the impact parameter of the reaction. A reasonable agreement is observed for the excitation function of elliptical flow between the data and our calculations. Interestingly, the transition energy is found to exhibit a power-law mass dependence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elliptical flow and isospin effects in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Kumar

Puri

2010

Phys. Rev. C

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“…If, however, all particles at all rapidities are included, the method using p dir x will result in a lower value for the balance energy E bal because of the contributions of particles near the projectile and target rapidities. The influence of the method used to determine the orientation of the reaction plane [22] has already been mentioned in the introduction.…”

Section: Directed Flow and Flow Vanishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed in these experiments that the parabolic excitation function of the directed flow of light charged particles disappears if the range of particles used for the determination of the reaction plane is not restricted to small charges. With decreasing beam energy, the flow continues to decrease to negative values, appearing as antiflow which was interpreted as a Coulomb effect [22]. The change of sign occurs at about 60 MeV/nucleon for Z = 2 and close to 80 MeV/nucleon for Z = 1 particles [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hence, E bal is assumed to have the same value for all fragment species in collisions with the same initial conditions. However, more recent data published by the INDRA-ALADIN collaboration for the 197 Au+ 197 Au system [22,23] have clearly shown that the transition energy of the directed flow is (1) shifted to higher values due to the used improved method of reconstructing the reaction plane and (2) a function of the cluster charge Z. It was observed in these experiments that the parabolic excitation function of the directed flow of light charged particles disappears if the range of particles used for the determination of the reaction plane is not restricted to small charges.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of the symmetry energy on the balance energy of the directed flow

Guo

Wang

Qing-feng

et al. 2012

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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The influence of the density-dependent symmetry energy on the balance energy (E bal ) of directed flow from heavy ion collisions (HICs) at incident energies covered by INDRA and MSU experiments is studied, using the updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, especially adapted to low-energy heavy ion collisions (HICs). Four mass-symmetric reactions with total mass numbers between 192 and 394 are chosen for investigating the influence of the symmetry energy on the system-mass dependence of E bal . The results show that the uncertainty in the density dependence of the symmetry potential causes changes of E bal of the order of several MeV, depending on the type of particle considered. The E bal of neutrons from HICs is particularly sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry potential energy, while the system-mass dependence of E bal of Z = 1 particles is not. symmetry energy, directed flow, balance energy PACS number(s): 21.65.Ef, 25.70.-z, 25.75.Ld Citation:A key objective in the study of heavy ion collisions (HICs), whether using stable or unstable beams, is to collect information about the nuclear equation of state (EoS). For stable nuclei with large mass numbers, the iso-vector part of the EoS is of importance due to the fact of their neutron number N being considerably larger than their proton number Z. Even for initially isospin-symmetric systems, the isospin effect should be taken into account since isospin diffusion and distillation may occur during the non-equilibrium stages of HICs. Essentially the whole collision is an isospin non-equilibrium process [1,2]. It is also well known and quite obvious that the isospin asymmetric EoS, besides in nuclear physics, is very important for understanding many phenomena in astrophysics as, e.g., the physics of neutron stars. At present, the *Corresponding author (email: liqf@hutc.zj.cn) largest uncertainty in the EoS is believed to come mainly from the density-dependent iso-vector part, the symmetry energy. For the isoscalar part, a soft EoS with incompressibility K around 230 MeV has been extracted through comparisons with data [3,4]. Significant progress in constraining the symmetry energy has been made during the past few years. For recent reviews we refer the reader to refs. [5,6]. Despite these achievements, the density dependence of the symmetry energy, especially at supranormal densities, is still not well determined due to strong model dependences [7][8][9][10].To reduce the model influence and to provide additional constraints, more isospin-related observables will have to be put forward, with the aim of arriving at a more authentic final form of the density-dependent symmetry energy. Besides the sensitive observables being studied up to now by several theoretical groups in this field (Please see the review article [5]

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Progress of quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications in heavy ion collisions

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Phys.

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In this review article, we first briefly introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model (ImQMD) and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model (UrQMD), are reviewed. The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion, multinucleon transfer, fragmentation, collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models. The constraints on the isospin asymmetric nuclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed, and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism, the descriptions of various observables, the constraint on the nuclear equation of state, as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.

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Directed and Elliptic Flow in 197 Au+ 197 Au at Intermediate Energies

Abstract: Directed and elliptic flow for the 197 Au + 197 Au system at incident energies between 40 and 150 MeV per nucleon has been measured using the INDRA 4π multi-

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Elliptical flow and isospin effects in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Elliptical flow and isospin effects in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Influence of the symmetry energy on the balance energy of the directed flow

Progress of quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications in heavy ion collisions

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