Direct Transfer of Metallic Photonic Structures Onto End Facets of Optical Fibers

Abstract

We present a flexible approach to transfer metallic photonic crystals (MPCs) onto end facets of optical fibers. The MPCs were initially fabricated on a glass substrate with a spacer layer of indium tin oxide (ITO), which was used as a buffer layer in the transferring process. The fiber ends were firstly welded on the top surface of the MPCs by a drop of polymer solution after the solvent evaporated. The ITO layer was then etched by hydrochloric acid (HCl), so that the MPCs got off the substrate and were transferred to the fiber ends. Alternatively, the MPCs may be also etched off the substrate first by immersing the sample in HCl. The ultra-thin MPC sheet consisting of gold nanolines interlaced with photoresist gratings was then transferred to cap the fiber ends. In the later approach, we can choose which side of the MPCs to be used as the contact with the fiber facet. Such methods enabled convenient nano-structuring on optical fiber tips and achieving miniaturized MPC devices with compact integration, extending significantly applications of MPCs. In particular, the fabrications presented in this manuscript enrich the lab-on-fiber engineering techniques and the resultant devices have potential applications in remote sensing and detection systems.

Patterning 2D materials for devices by mild lithography

“…21,22 Floating transfer in itself is not a new concept but is used in various applications based on different protocols, e.g. the transfer of photonic crystals 23,24 and anodic aluminum oxide templates. 25 However, to our knowledge it has not been used to transfer preexposed resist masks to structure easily damageable 2D materials as demonstrated here.…”