Direct synthesis of calcium diglyceroxide from hydrated lime and glycerol and its evaluation in the transesterification reaction

Enhancing Biodiesel Production Using Green Glycerol-Enriched Calcium Oxide Catalyst: An Optimization Study

“…The synthesized catalyst was used to assist the methanolysis reaction between refined Jatropha curcas oil containing extremely low FFAs content. Additionally, the catalytic activity of CaDg have been tested for biodiesel production from few lipid feedstocks such as, soybean oil [21,26,27], sunflower oil [28], castor oil [29] and waste cooking oil [30]. Looking at the novel catalytic proficiency of glycerol-enriched CaO, the reports focused on its utilization for biodiesel production are extremely low in comparison with those of neat CaO catalyst.…”

Enhancement in biodiesel production using waste cooking oil and calcium diglyceroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst in presence of ultrasound

“…The effect of different variables such as methanol to oil 37 molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature, ultrasonic power and duty cycle on the progress of 38 the reaction was studied. Under the optimal reaction conditions viz.…”

“…The drastic drop in the 421 yield may be due to the fact that CaDG is more soluble in glyc-422 erol-methanol mixture[36]. Sánchez-Cantú et al[37] reported 423 that after first cycle the CaDG phase almost disappeared and calcite 424 appeared as a main crystalline phase with Ca(OH) 2 as second425 phase, the XRD of second and third cycle shows the similar result.426 The average particle size of first and second cycle were found Effect of duty cycle on the yield of biodiesel at methanol to oil molar ratio 9:1, catalyst loading 1.0% (w/w) of WCO, temperature 60°C, ultrasonic power 120 W.…”

A Review on Biodiesel Production through Heterogeneous Catalysis Route

“…Calcium diglyceride (Ca‐DG), produced by reacting hydrated lime (HL) with glycerol, was used as a catalyst for the transesterification of castor oil . The maximum conversion for Ca‐DG was achieved at 60 °C, 2 h. In the first run, full conversion of castor oil was achieved.…”