Direct Synthesis of 1-Butanol from Ethanol in a Plug Flow Reactor: Reactor and Reaction Kinetics Modeling

Riittonen, Toni; Salmi, Tapio; Mikkola, Jyri‐Pekka; Wärnå, Johan

doi:10.1007/s11244-014-0314-4

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1, 8,10,12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Others have used ethanol as a limiting reagent with methanol and/or propanol to attain moderate to high ethanol conversion. 3,7,22,29,30 Catalyst composition is the most important factor in higher alcohol yields -many studies used MgO in pure form or mixed with other basic oxides as a solid base catalyst for this reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers have converted ethanol to butanol in the vapor phase at relatively high temperatures (>300 °C), achieving ethanol conversions of 7–80% and 1-butanol selectivities of 10–70%. ,,,,− Others have used ethanol as a limiting reagent with methanol and/or propanol to attain moderate-to-high ethanol conversion. ,,,, Catalyst composition is the most important factor in higher alcohol yieldsmany studies used MgO in pure form or mixed with other basic oxides as a solid base catalyst for this reaction. ,,,,,,, Alkali cation-exchanged zeolites have also been used . The most recent literature describes partially decomposed hydrotalcites, hydroxyapatites, and γ-Al 2 O 3 -supported nickel, which have produced the highest butanol yields thus far. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols

Jordison

Lira

Miller

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Higher alcohols (C 4 +) can be formed from ethanol via condensation pathways collectively known as Guerbet reactions. Most prior Guerbet reaction studies involve vapor phase reactions, with n-butanol yields typically no higher than 30% of theoretical. We report here condensed-phase Guerbet reactions of ethanol over Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts modified by La 2 O 3 .Higher alcohol selectivities in excess of 80% at 230 o C and autogeneous pressures are obtained in batch autoclave reactions. At these conditions, which are near the critical temperature of ethanol, the liquid phase is significantly expanded, byproduct gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) are significantly dissolved in the liquid phase, and the vapor phase contains significant quantities of alcohols. To accurately compute ethanol conversion and product yields, both composition and quantity of each phase present at reaction conditions must be determined. To do this, the S-R Polar equation of state is combined with chromatographic analysis of liquid phase samples taken during reaction to model the phase equilibrium in the reactor at reaction conditions. Composition, density, and total number of moles of the vapor and liquid phases in the reactor are determined from the model and analysis, and are used to calculate more accurate values of conversion and product yield than those calculated by liquid phase samples alone.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols

Jordison

Lira

Miller

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Liquid phase is preferred to avoid this step [8]. In order to avoid vaporization in equilibrium calculations, conditions were always P>Pbubble point of the mixture.…”

Section: Liquid Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason basic or multifunctional catalysts are employed for EtOH conversion to higher hydrocarbons [6,8,9]. The most accepted mechanism for Guerbet reaction using basic catalyst is the aldol mechanism (Scheme 1) [3,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics conditions for Guerbet ethanol reaction

Olcese

Bettahar

2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…They achieved the highest conversion using Ni/Al 2 O 3 with a 25% ethanol conversion and selectivity of 80% towards 1-butanol at 250 • C. The catalyst-to-ethanol ratio was relatively high, with a loading of 4% (mass catalyst/mass ethanol and catalyst). However, detailed information about surface acid-base pairs was not derived [12]. A similar study was performed by Marcu et al, who investigated the activity of different metals on Mg-Al-oxides, each of which was loaded with 5% Pd, Ag, Mn, Fe, Cu, Sm, and Yb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Influence of the d-Band Center on the Synthesis of Isobutanol

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the search for carbon-efficient synthesis pathways for green alternatives to fossil fuels continues, an expanding class of catalysts have been developed for the upgrading of lower alcohols. Understanding of the acid base functionalities has greatly influenced the search for new materials, but the influence of the metal used in catalysts cannot be explained in a broader sense. We address this herein and correlate our findings with the most fundamental understanding of chemistry to date by applying it to d-band theory as part of an experimental investigation. The commercial catalysts of Pt, Rh, Ru, Cu, Pd, and Ir on carbon as a support have been characterized by means of SEM, EDX-mapping, STEM, XRD, N2-physisorption, and H2-chemisorption. Their catalytic activity has been established by means of c-methylation of ethanol with methanol. For all catalysts, the TOF with respect to i-butanol was examined. The Pt/C reached the highest TOF with a selectivity towards i-butanol of 89%. The trend for the TOFs could be well correlated with the d-band centers of the metal, which formed a volcano curve. Therefore, this study is another step towards the rationalization of catalyst design for the upgrading of alcohols into carbon-neutral fuels or chemical feedstock.

show abstract

Direct Synthesis of 1-Butanol from Ethanol in a Plug Flow Reactor: Reactor and Reaction Kinetics Modeling

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols

Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols

Thermodynamics conditions for Guerbet ethanol reaction

Elucidating the Influence of the d-Band Center on the Synthesis of Isobutanol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About