“…Nevertheless, it is still a challenge in practice to realize a large enough and highly localized curled electric field to switch the vortex [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. To avoid the use of curled electric fields, various vortex switching strategies have been also proposed, e.g., via geometry design [9][10][11][12], defect engineering [13,14], asymmetric mechanical loads [14][15][16], nonuniform electric fields [17], sweeping tip fields [18], etc. The key idea of these strategies is to bring some kind of asymmetry to the vortex system, such that nucleation of vortex with a deterministic charity is favored.…”