Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Peanut (Arachis Hypogea)

Hazra, Sulekha; Sathaye, S. S.; Mascarenhas, A. F.

doi:10.1038/nbt0989-949

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Subsequently plant growth regulators were added into media to test their effects on callus formation from seed, root, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of P. bracteatum. Among the auxins, 2,4-D has been considered to be the most effective in combination with cytokinins for callus induction (Hazra et al 1989;Michalczuk et al 1992;De Jong et al 1993). This study showed that 2,4-D with…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

2010

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Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is an important commercial source of medicinal opiates and related compounds. In this research, calli were induced from seeds, roots, cotyledons and hypocotyls of P. bracteatum at a high efficiency. The optimized callus induction media consisted of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basic media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.1 mg/L kinetin and 15 mg/L ascorbic acid. The concentrations of 2,4-D and ascorbic acid were found critical to callus induction and proliferation. Subsequent subcultures resulted in excellent callus proliferation. Ascorbic acid at concentration 15 mg/L increased the callus proliferation significantly. Maximum callus growth was achieved when the explants were incubated at 25• C. MS salts at full strength were found inhibitory for callus induction, while ľ MS salts were found to favor callus induction. Shoot regeneration of calli in vitro was achieved on ľ MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L benzylamine purine and 1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. Analysis of alkaloid extracts from Persian poppy tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that thebaine accumulated in the tissues of plants. The thebaine alkaloid profile of the Persian poppy is a well-defined model to evaluate the potential for metabolic engineering of thebaine production in P. bracteatum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

2010

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“…Somatic embryogenesis in peanut cultures has been previously shown to be dependent upon the presence of auxins in the culture medium (8,14). According to Skoog and Miller's theory of regeneration (16), quantitative interactions between diverse growth factors, mainly phytohormones, rather than specific morphogenetic substances, provide a common mechanism for the regulation of all types of morphogenetic phenomena in plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoregulatory Role of Thidiazuron

Visser¹,

Qureshi²,

Gill³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

170

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Somatic embryogenesis was induced in hypocotyl explants of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) cultured on media supplemented with various concentrations of N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). In less than 2 weeks, somatic embryos were observed in treatments containing levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 micromolar. The use of N'-benzylaminopurine in combination with indole-3-acetic acid also evoked embryogenesis, but the efficiency of somatic embryo production was significantly lower than that obtained with TDZ. Hypocotyl culture for only 2 days on TDZ-supplemented medium before transfer to a basal medium was sufficient for inducing somatic embryogenesis. This distinction between the induction and expression of embryogenesis may provide an experimental system for studying the developmental biology of somatic embryogenesis. Substitution of the auxin-cytokinin requirement for the induction of somatic embryogenesis by TDZ suggests the possibility of a novel mode of its action by modulation of endogenous growth regulators.TDZ3, a substituted phenylurea (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea; Dropp), is primarily used as a cotton defoliant (1) and has been shown in various cytokinin bioassays to exhibit strong cytokinin-like activity similar to that of N6-substituted adenine derivatives (12). In many cytokinin-dependent callus cultures, the application of TDZ evoked a comparable or higher degree of growth response than adenine-based cytokinins (5, 20). The morphogenetic responses in which TDZ has been found to mimic cytokinin-like activity include release of lateral buds from dormancy (21) and shoot formation in cultures of a wide variety of plant species (7,9 cytokinins, or it may induce the synthesis and (or) accumulation of endogenous cytokinins (5, 11). The latter notion is based on the effects of the high ability of TDZ in inducing cytokinin-dependent shoot regeneration and modulation of endogenous levels of cytokinins. In this communication, we demonstrate the high efficiency of TDZ in stimulating somatic embryogenesis in geranium hypocotyl cultures, a response usually mediated by an appropriate combination of an auxin and a cytokinin. Our results suggest for the first time that auxin(s) may also be involved in the induction and/or expression of TDZ-induced morphogenic differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of the diploid zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey) cv Scarlet Orbit Improved were surface sterilized by dipping in 95% ethanol for 30 s and then immersing in a 1.2% solution of sodium hypochlorite containing two drops of Tween 20 per 200 mL. Seeds were agitated in this solution for 20 min and then rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. Ten seeds were aseptically cultured per 100 x 15 mm Petri dish on 30 mL of MS (13)

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“…There are a lot of reports about regeneration systems by somatic embryogenesis induced by 2,4-D using different kinds of explants, such as cotyledons [3], leaflets [4], axes [5], [6]. However, as far as we know, there are no reports on the production of transgenic plants using these regeneration systems due to some unknown reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic peanut plants obtained by particle bombardment via somatic embryogenesis regeneration system

Deng

Wei

2001

Cell Res

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After pre-culture and treatment of osmosis, cotyledons of immature peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) zygotic embryos were transformed via particle bombardment with a plasmid containing a chimeric hph gene conferring resistance to hygromycin and a chimeric intron-gus gene. Selection for hygromycin resistant calluses and somatic embryos was initiated at 10th d post-bombardment on medium containing 10-25 mg/L hygromycin. Under continuous selection, hygromycin resistant plantlets were regenerated from somatic embryos and were recovered from nearly 1.6% of the bombarded cotyledons. The presence and integration of foreign DNA in regenerated hygromycin resistant plants was confirmed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for the intron-gus gene and by Southern hybridization of the hph gene. GUS enzyme activity was detected in leaflets from transgenic plants but not from control, non-transformed plants. The production of transgenic plants are mainly based on a newly improved somatic embryogenesis regeneration system developed by us.

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Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Peanut (Arachis Hypogea)

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

Morphoregulatory Role of Thidiazuron

Transgenic peanut plants obtained by particle bombardment via somatic embryogenesis regeneration system

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