Direct Reception of Light by Chromatophores of Lower Vertebrates

Oshima, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140502.x

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, octopus rhodopsin bears an evolutionary similarity to melanopsin (Oshima, 2001), which is expressed in SCN-projecting RGCs in the rat (Gooley et al, 2001;Hattar et al, 2002;Hannibal et al, 2002). Melanopsin is thought to form a retinal-based photopigment, and its sequence displays several hallmarks of invertebrate opsins, including a tyrosine counter-ion for the retinal Schiff's base, instead of the glutamate that is characteristic of vertebrate opsins (Provencio et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic light responses of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the circadian system

Warren

Allen²,

Brown

et al. 2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

115

117

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In mammals, light entrainment of the circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), requires retinal input. Traditional rod and cone photoreceptors, however, are not required. Instead, the SCN-projecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) function as autonomous photoreceptors and exhibit light responses independent of rod-and cone-driven input. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques, we have investigated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of this unique class of RGCs. Although SCN-projecting RGCs resemble Type III cells in form, they display strikingly different physiological properties from these neurons. First, in response to the injection of a sustained depolarizing current, SCN-projecting cells fired in a transient fashion, in contrast to most RGCs which fired robust trains of action potentials. Second, in response to light, SCN-projecting RGCs exhibited an intensity-dependent transient depolarization in the absence of rod and cone input. This depolarization reached a peak within 5 s and generated increased spiking activity before decaying to a plateau. Voltage-clamp recordings were used to characterize the light-activated conductance which generated this depolarization. In response to varying light intensities, SCNprojecting RGCs exhibited a graded transient inward current which peaked within 5 s and decayed to a plateau. The voltage dependence of the light-activated current was obtained by subtracting currents elicited by a voltage ramp before and during illumination. The light-activated current displayed both inward and outward rectification and was largely unaffected by substitution of extracellular Na + with choline. In both respects, the intrinsic light-activated current observed in SCNprojecting RGCs resembles currents carried by ion channels of the transient receptor potential (trp) family, which are known to mediate the light response of invertebrate photoreceptors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic light responses of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the circadian system

Warren

Allen²,

Brown

et al. 2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

115

117

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“…Rapid (physiological) colour change results from movement of intracellular organelles, while slow (morphological) colour change involves net gains or losses in pigment content (Bagnara & Hadley, 1973 ;Fujii, 1993 ;Painter, 2000;Oshima, 2001). Dispersion of melanosomes causes darkening of the skin, while aggregation of these melanin-containing organelles causes lightening (Bagnara & Hadley, 1973).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Colour Production and Colour Change ( 1) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual colour patches as multicomponent signals

2004

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Colour patches are complex traits, the components of which may evolve independently through a variety of mechanisms. Although usually treated as simple, two-dimensional characters and classified as either structural or pigmentary, in reality colour patches are complicated, three-dimensional structures that often contain multiple pigment types and structural features. The basic dermal chromatophore unit of fishes, reptiles and amphibians consists of three contiguous cell layers. Xanthophores and erythrophores in the outermost layer contain carotenoid and pteridine pigments that absorb short-wave light ; iridophores in the middle layer contain crystalline platelets that reflect light back through the xanthophores ; and melanophores in the basal layer contain melanins that absorb light across the spectrum. Changes in any one component of a chromatophore unit can drastically alter the reflectance spectrum produced, and for any given adaptive outcome (e.g. an increase in visibility), there may be multiple biochemical or cellular routes that evolution could take, allowing for divergent responses by different populations or species to similar selection regimes. All of the mechanisms of signal evolution that previously have been applied to single ornaments (including whole colour patches) could potentially be applied to the individual components of colour patches. To reach a complete understanding of colour patch evolution, however, it may be necessary to take an explicitly multi-trait approach. Here, we review multiple trait evolution theory and the basic mechanisms of colour production in fishes, reptiles and amphibians, and use a combination of computer simulations and empirical examples to show how multiple trait evolution theory can be applied to the components of single colour patches. This integrative perspective on animal colouration opens up a host of new questions and hypotheses. We offer specific, testable functional hypotheses for the most common pigmentary (carotenoid, pteridine and melanin) and structural components of vertebrate colour patches.

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“…감광성(photosensitivity)에 대한 연구는 일찍이 비포유 류에서 빛이 피부에 존재하는 광수용체로 직접 전달되어 체색을 변화시킨다고 보고하였다 (Oshima 2001). 또한 조 류에서는 뇌에 존재하는 pinopsin, VA-opsin (Soni and Foster 1997)과 어류에서는 제브라피쉬, D. rerio에서 송과 체에 존재하는 exo-rodopsin이 체색변화나 번식생리에 직 접적으로 영향을 미친다는 연구결과들이 보고되었다 (Collin et al 2009 갈치 광수용체 아미노산 구조 갈치 광수용체의 아미노산 염기서열과 다른 척추동물들 과의 상동성은 RRH(어류 72−90%, 조류 77%, 그리고 포 유류 62−68%), Opn4(어류 33−80% 그리고 조류 36%), Rh1(어류 83−89%, 조류 76% 그리고 포유류 72%), Rh2 (어류 78−87%, 조류 68% 그리고 포유류 36−41%), VAopsin(어류 72−90%, 조류 63%), Opn3(어류 77−90%, 조 류 64%, 포유류 56−59%) 아미노산 염기서열 모두 어류 와 비교적 높은 상동성을 보였다 (Fig.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of the Cutlass Fish Reveals Photoreceptors Gene Expression in Peripheral Tissues

Hyeon¹,

Kim²,

Lim³

et al. 2017

Ocean and Polar Research

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: The opsin family of light sensitive proteins family makes up are the universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the vertebrates including teleosts. They can change their conformation from a resting state to a signaling state upon light absorption, which activates the G-protein coupled receptor, thereby resulting in a signaling cascade that produces physiological responses. However, this species is poorly characterized at molecular level due to little sequence information available in public databases. We have investigated the opsin family of nocturnal cutlass fish using the whole transcriptome sequencing method. The opsin genes were cloned and its expression in the tissues and organs were examined by qPCR. We cloned 6 opsin genes (RRH, Opn4, Rh1, Rh2, VA-opsin, and Opn3) in retina and brain tissue. It contained the seven presumed transmembrane domains that are characteristic of the Gprotein-coupled receptor family. However, short wavelength sensitive pigment (SWS) and long wavelength sensitive pigment (LWS) were not detected in this study. The mRNA expression of the 6 photoreceptor genes were detected in retina and peripheral tissue. Our studies will lead to further investigation of the photic entrainment mechanism at molecular and cellular levels in cutlass fish and can be used in comparative studies of other fishes.

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Direct Reception of Light by Chromatophores of Lower Vertebrates

Cited by 83 publications

References 39 publications

Intrinsic light responses of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the circadian system

Intrinsic light responses of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the circadian system

Individual colour patches as multicomponent signals

RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of the Cutlass Fish Reveals Photoreceptors Gene Expression in Peripheral Tissues

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