Direct Reactivation of a Coherent Neocortical Memory of Context

Cowansage, Kiriana K.; Shuman, Tristan; Dillingham, Blythe C.; Chang, Allene; Golshani, Peyman; Mayford, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.022

Cited by 321 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Findings using optogenetic methods indicate that the hippocampal engram is needed both shortly after training, and then again but not exclusively at long test intervals (weeks). In the latter case, this need is simultaneous with that of an engram built in the anterior cingulate cortex (213) and/or in the entorhinal, perirhinal (623), and retrosplenial cortex (140,141) for findings similar to those on fear learning but specific to spatial learning in retrosplenial cortex. The parallel construction of the various engrams is not or not necessarily simultaneous.…”

Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea of multiple engrams that can be activated by separate or in unison at different times (see Refs. 93,267,449,621) received very strong support from recent optogenetic studies (140,213,524,623).…”

Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of a hippocampal and several neocortical engrams for CFC has been shown (140,213,623). Findings using optogenetic methods indicate that the hippocampal engram is needed both shortly after training, and then again but not exclusively at long test intervals (weeks).…”

Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

372

259

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Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past 60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning and fear conditioning to a tone) and one instrumental procedure (one-trial inhibitory avoidance). Fear memory is formed in the hippocampus (contextual conditioning and inhibitory avoidance), in the basolateral amygdala (inhibitory avoidance), and in the lateral amygdala (conditioning to a tone). The circuitry involves, in addition, the pre-and infralimbic ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the central amygdala subnuclei, and the dentate gyrus. Fear learning models, notably inhibitory avoidance, have also been very useful for the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms of memory consolidation as a whole. These studies have capitalized on in vitro observations on long-term potentiation and other kinds of plasticity. The effect of a very large number of drugs on fear learning has been intensively studied, often as a prelude to the investigation of effects on anxiety. The extinction of fear learning involves to an extent a reversal of the flow of information in the mentioned structures and is used in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder and fear memories in general.

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Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

372

259

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“…One recent study in the mouse has examined the cortical representation of explicit memory using tagging of behaviorally active neural ensembles with ChR2 (Cowansage et al 2014). In experiments similar to those described above for the DG, ChR2 expression was driven into neurons that were activated during context fear leaning.…”

Section: Retrieval Of Consolidated Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

Ben-Yakov

Dudai

Mayford

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Retrieval, the use of learned information, was until recently mostly terra incognita in the neurobiology of memory, owing to shortage of research methods with the spatiotemporal resolution required to identify and dissect fast reactivation or reconstruction of complex memories in the mammalian brain. The development of novel paradigms, model systems, and new tools in molecular genetics, electrophysiology, optogenetics, in situ microscopy, and functional imaging, have contributed markedly in recent years to our ability to investigate brain mechanisms of retrieval. We review selected developments in the study of explicit retrieval in the rodent and human brain. The picture that emerges is that retrieval involves coordinated fast interplay of sparse and distributed corticohippocampal and neocortical networks that may permit permutational binding of representational elements to yield specific representations. These representations are driven largely by the activity patterns shaped during encoding, but are malleable, subject to the influence of time and interaction of the existing memory with novel information.

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“…We selected the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) as our cortical region of interest because of its involvement in both memory formation and retrieval (Keene and Bucci 2008a;Corcoran et al 2011;Cowansage et al 2014;Kwapis et al 2015). We hypothesized that the RSC and dorsal hippocampus (DH) would similarly rely on the excitatory, postsynaptic M 1 /M 3 class of receptors in both memory formation and retrieval, and that conditional knockdown of these individual receptors would delineate the specific contribution of each.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors act in synergy to facilitate learning and memory

et al. 2016

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Understanding how episodic memories are formed and retrieved is necessary if we are to treat disorders in which they malfunction. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the hippocampus and cortex underlie memory formation, but there is conflicting evidence regarding their role in memory retrieval. Additionally, there is no consensus on which mAChR subtypes are critical for memory processing. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we found that (1) encoding and retrieval of contextual memory requires mAChR in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC), (2) memory formation requires hippocampal M 3 and cooperative activity of RSC M 1 and M 3, and (3) memory retrieval is more impaired by inactivation of multiple M 1 -M 4 mAChR in DH or RSC than inactivation of individual receptor subtypes. Contrary to the view that acetylcholine supports learning but is detrimental to memory retrieval, we found that coactivation of multiple mAChR is required for retrieval of both recently and remotely acquired context memories. Manipulations with higher receptor specificity were generally less potent than manipulations targeting multiple receptor subtypes, suggesting that mAChR act in synergy to regulate memory processes. These findings provide unique insight into the development of therapies for amnestic symptoms, suggesting that broadly acting, rather than receptor-specific, mAchR agonists and positive allosteric modulators may be the most effective therapeutic approach.

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Direct Reactivation of a Coherent Neocortical Memory of Context

Cited by 321 publications

References 67 publications

Fear Memory

Fear Memory

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors act in synergy to facilitate learning and memory

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