“…Those most frequently cited in the literature include length of surgical procedure, surgical procedure category, obesity, use of pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics, colonization with microorganisms, age, sex, anemia, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, smoking and length of pre-operative hospitalization (Barber et al, 1995;Anvikar et al, 1999;Ahmed et al, 2007). The virulence and invasive capability of the organisms influence the risk of infection, but the physiological state of the tissue in the wound and immunological integrity of the host also have importance in determining whether infection occurs (Fry, 2003).…”