DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-DOMAIN SrTiO3

Chang, T. S.; Holzrichter, J. F.; Imbusch, G. F.; Schawlow, A. L.

doi:10.1063/1.1653388

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Further, we find that the electrostrictive term should play a minor role, because (1) both AXi a^d Ax 3 were found to be of the same sign, and (2) the value of (q n -q 12 ) x 3s estimated from previous experiments 19 is about 3.7 x 10 4 (T a -T) m/F which is rather small compared with the observed values of AXi. Then, as 2Ax 1 .+ Ax 3 = (* 11 + 2* 12 )<p Sa 2 (10) and ^3 s 2 = 0.22xJ0" 4 (T a~T ) rad 2 for T b <T<T ay lA we obtain t u + 2t 12 = 1.28 x 10 10 rad" 2 m/F. Let us now briefly discuss the dielectric behavior below T b .…”

Section: I-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Dielectric Properties of SrTiO3at Low Temperatures

Sakudo¹,

Unoki²

1971

Phys. Rev. Lett.

267

118

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We have measured the temperature dependence of the dielectric constants for singledomain SrTi0 3 crystals. Dielectric anisotropics and deviations from the simple Curie-Weiss law have been observed and are discussed in connection with the structural phase transitions at 110 and 65°K.The structural phase transition at T a~ 110°K in SrTi0 3 is a direct consequence of the condensation of the r 25 optical-phonon mode at the Brillouin-zone boundary. 1 " 4 The dielectric constant of this crystal was reported to obey a simple form, e = C(T-T c )~1 9 with paraelectric Curie temperature T C «35°K. At lower temperatures, an appreciable departure from the Curie-Weiss law was observed, which was ascribed to the quantum effect of ionic polarizability. 5 " 8 Hitherto, the dielectric properties were obscured by the presence of multiple domains when the crystal is cooled through T a . The nonferroelectric structural transitions were generally considered not to affect the dielectric behavior. Recently, it was demonstrated that a uniaxial compressive stress can produce a single-domain crystal at low temperatures. 9,10 We report here dielectric measurements on single-domain crystals produced by this technique.A tetragonal prism with surfaces of (110), (ITO), and (001) and of size 2x2x3 mm 3 was cut from a pure single crystal. Geometries of the crystal axes, electrodes for dielectric measurement, and the direction of compressive stress are shown in Fig. 1, Samples were always cooled from room temperature to liquid-helium temperature under an applied stress higher than 10 kg/ mm 2 and the stress was released during dielectric measurement in order to avoid the pressure dependence of the permittivity. This procedure (a) (b) (c) (d) FIG. 1. Geometries of crystal axes, electrodes, external uniaxial stress (thick arrows) and the direction of c axes in the sample (thin arrows), for measuring (a) e a , (b) € c , (c) € 110 , and (d) efo.Dielectric permittivity was measured by a threeterminal method using a GR model 1615A capacitance bridge at 10 kHz with a field level of 5 V/ cm. Temperature inside the sample cryostat was raised slowly, at the rate of 0.2°C/min.Components of the dielectric permittivity tensor for crystals subjected to the stress treatment were determined as functions of temperature, with results as shown in Fig. 2. In this figure we notice that the dielectric tensor becomes anisotropic below T a9 with e a larger than e c . Furthermore, the dielectric anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the c axis was found to develop around T b ^65°K 12_14 ; that is, [110] and [1T0] axes I-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-r 0 50 100 150 200 TEMPERATURE (°K) FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constants in SrTi0 3 for various orientations (see Fig. 1). The insets show the details of the dielectric anisotropics near T a and T b9 respectively. 851

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Section: I-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-i-|-i-i-i-mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recently, it was demonstrated that a uniaxial compressive stress can produce a single-domain crystal at low temperatures. 9, 10 We report here dielectric measurements on single-domain crystals produced by this technique.…”

Section: Dielectric Properties Of Srti0 3 At Low Temperatures T Sakumentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of SrTiO3at Low Temperatures

Sakudo¹,

Unoki²

1971

Phys. Rev. Lett.

267

118

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“…Furthermore, it was shown that the direction of the surface cut of the STO crystals can strongly affect the orientation of these structural domains. Whereas for STO with a (001) surface one typically finds a poly-domain state for which the possible orientations of the tetragonal axis appear with nearly equal probablity, for STO with a (110) surface the tetragonal axis tends to be preferentially aligned along the [001] direction 17,19 . The latter may well be related to the anisotropy of the (110) surface 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropy of infrared-active phonon modes in the monodomain state of tetragonal SrTiO3 (110)

et al. 2017

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With infrared and terahertz ellipsometry we investigated the anisotropy of the infrared active phonon modes in SrTiO 3 (110) single crystals in the tetragonal state below the so-called antiferrodistortive transition at T * = 105 K. In particular, we show that the anisotropy of the oscillator strength of the so-called R-mode, which becomes weakly infrared active below T * , is a valuable indicator for the orientation of the structural domains. Our results reveal that a mono-domain state with the tetragonal axis (c-axis) parallel to the [001] direction can be created by applying a moderate uniaxial stress of about 2.3 MPa along the [1-10] direction (with a mechanical clamp).The resulting, intrinsic splitting of the infrared-active phonon modes is reported.

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“…In previous studies of Raman scattering in tetragonal SrTiO 3 , samples with uncontrolled domain structure were studied with laser beams larger than usual domain sizes (often smaller than 5 µm in linear dimension [8][9][10] ). This complicates the interpretation of the polarization dependence of the single-phonon Raman peaks and thus the symmetry assignments of the associated phonon modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation-resolved domain mapping in tetragonal SrTiO3 using polarized Raman spectroscopy

Gray¹,

Merz²,

Hikita³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. B

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We present microscopically resolved, polarized spectroscopy of Raman scattering collected from tetragonal SrTiO3. The anisotropic response of first order Raman peaks within a single tetragonal domain has been measured. From this data, we assign symmetries to the phonons seen in the first order Raman spectrum which is normally complicated by uncontrolled domain structure. Using a translation stage, we map the local domain orientation of a 3 µm 3 crystal volume near the laser focus and compare it to wide-field polarized images. This technique can be performed with readily available instruments and is relevant to the study of a wide range of related materials, interfaces and devices.

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DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-DOMAIN SrTiO3

Abstract: A single-domain SrTiO3 crystal is obtained by stressing along the [110] direction at 2°K and is observed optically for the first time. Domain structure under [001] stress is also examined. The importance of understanding the domain structure is discussed.

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Dielectric Properties of SrTiO3at Low Temperatures

Dielectric Properties of SrTiO3at Low Temperatures

Anisotropy of infrared-active phonon modes in the monodomain state of tetragonal SrTiO3 (110)

Orientation-resolved domain mapping in tetragonal SrTiO3 using polarized Raman spectroscopy

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