Direct methanol–air fuel cells for road transportation

McNicol, B.D; Rand, D.A.J; Williams, K.R

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00244-x

Cited by 330 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Therefore, a similar system that would utilize liquid fuel became highly desirable. The utilization of methanol as a direct fuel initiated in the 1960s by Shell Research in the UK and Exxon-Alsthom in France, however, the cells still utilized liquid electrolytes [188]. The first direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with PEM electrolyte was developed during the 1980s, however, the optimization of the new MEA structures was demanding and various designs was suggested.…”

Section: Acidic Dafcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

Santasalo-Aarnio

Tuomi

Jalkanen

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Acidic Dafcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

Santasalo-Aarnio

Tuomi

Jalkanen

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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“…49,50 A major problem existed in a DMFC is the so called ''methanol crossover''. That is, methanol can cross through the PEM from the anode to the cathode via physical diffusion and electro-osmotic drag (by protons).…”

Section: Methanol Permeation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Development of Naphthalene-Based Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

Yin

Yamada

Tanaka

et al. 2006

Polym J

176

109

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ABSTRACT:This article reviews the recent progress made over the past years based on naphthalene-based sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) in terms of proton conductivity, membrane swelling behavior, membrane stability toward water, and fuel cell performance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) or direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The structure-property relationship of SPI membranes is discussed in details with respect to the chemical structure of various sulfonated diamines and morphology of SPI membranes from the viewpoints of viscosity, mechanical strength and proton conductivity. Ion exchange capacity (IEC), basicity of sulfonated diamine, configuration (para-, meta-, or ortho-orientation) and chemical structure of polymer chain (linear or net-work) show great influence on the water stability and mechanical strength of SPI membrane. The SPIs with a branched/crosslinked structure and derived from highly basic sulfonated diamines display reasonably high water stability of more than 200-300 h in water at 130 C, suggesting high potential as PEMs operating at temperatures up to 100 C. The SPI membranes have fairly high proton conductivity at higher relative humidities and low methanol permeability. The water and methanol crossover through membrane under the fuel cell operation conditions is not controlled by electro-osmosis due to proton transport but by diffusion due to activity difference. This is quite different from the case of perfluorosulfonated membranes such as Nafion and results in the advantageous effects on fuel cell performance. SPI membranes displayed high PEFC performances comparable to those of Nafion 112. In addition, SPI membranes displayed higher performances in DMFC systems with higher methanol concentration (20-50 wt %), which is superior to Nafion and have high potential for DMFC applications at mediate temperatures (40-80 C In the past decades, great interest has been focused on the development of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) as a clean power source of energy for transportation, stationary and portable power applications.1,2 Fuel cells with high performance, high durability and potentially lower cost are greatly required. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is one of the key components in PEFC and DMFC systems. Perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer membranes, such as DuPont's Nafion membrane, are the state-of-the-art PEMs commercially available due to their high proton conductivity and excellent chemical stability.3,4 However, because of their high cost, low operational temperature below 80 C and large methanol crossover, there has been much interest in alternative PEMs. Many efforts have been done in the development of PEMs based on sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon polymers. [5][6][7][8][9] The main problem existed in the hydrocarbon PEMs is the membrane stability under fuel cell conditions and low conducting performance at low moisture atmosphere. The balance between ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and mechanical stability of a PEM ...

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“…Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are promising power sources for mobile and portable applications due to their high energy density, low pollutant emission, simple system design, and abundant fuel sources [1][2][3]. The bottlenecks restricting the commercialization of DMFCs are Pt-based catalysts [4] and perflurosulfonic acid membranes [5] which are too expensive to be used in large quantities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the proton conductivity of Nafion–Faujasite composite membranes for low temperature direct methanol fuel cells

Zhang

Désilets

Felice

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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a b s t r a c tAlthough zeolites are introduced to decrease methanol crossover of Nafion membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), little is known about the effect of their intrinsic properties and the interaction with the ionomer. In this work, Nafion-Faujasite composite membranes prepared by solution casting were characterized by extensive physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. Faujasite was found to undergo severe dealumination during the membrane activation, but its structure remained intact. The zeolite interacts with Nafion probably through hydrogen bonding between Si-OH and SO 3 H groups, which combined with the increase of the water uptake and the water mobility, and the addition of a less conductive phase (the zeolite) leads to an optimum proton conductivity between 0.98 and 2 wt% of zeolite. Hot pressing the membranes before their assembling with the electrodes enhanced the DMFC performance by reducing the methanol crossover and the serial resistance.

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Direct methanol–air fuel cells for road transportation

Cited by 330 publications

References 64 publications

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

On the Development of Naphthalene-Based Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

On the proton conductivity of Nafion–Faujasite composite membranes for low temperature direct methanol fuel cells

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