Direct Medical Cost and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Saudi Patients

Almutairi, Nora; Alkharfy, Khalid M.

doi:10.1007/s40258-013-0065-6

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such results contradict several past studies that have linked physical inactivity to high glucose levels [10–12, 16]. This is due to the fact that Jazan city is hot, and this discourages diabetics from exercising.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Factors Associated with Long-Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Badedi

Solan

Darraj

et al. 2016

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Aims. This study assessed factors associated with glycemic control among Saudi patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study, which included a random sample of 288 patients with T2DM proportional to the diabetes population of each primary health care center in Jazan city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results. More than two-thirds (74%) of patients had poor glycemic control. Lack of education, polypharmacy, and duration of diabetes ≥ 7 years were significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Moreover, patients who were smoker or divorced were significantly more likely to have higher HbA1c. The patients who did not comply with diet or take their medications as prescribed had poor glycemic control. The study found lower HbA1c levels among patients who received family support or had close relationship with their physicians. Similarly, knowledgeable patients towards diabetes or those with greater confidence in ability to manage self-care behaviors had a lower HbA1c. In contrast, risk factors such as depression or stress were significantly correlated with poorer glycemic control. Conclusion. The majority of T2DM patients had poor glycemic control. The study identified several factors associated with glycemic control. Effective and tailored interventions are needed to mitigate exposure to these risk factors. This would improve glycemic control and reduce the risks inherent to diabetes complications.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Prior studies have shown similar findings [10, 11, 16, 18]. Other researchers have also shown that depressive symptoms adversely affect metabolic activities, which in turn inhibit the body from using the excess glucose in the blood, which causes insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Factors Associated with Long-Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Badedi

Solan

Darraj

et al. 2016

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…Several other studies described prevalence of poor glycemic control using HbA1c test results. Regardless of these parametric differences, relatively higher rate of poor glycemic control was reported from Malaysia (76%) [20], Saudi Arabia (73%) [21], and South Africa (74.6%) [22], while roughly similar results were found in Jordan (65.1%) [23] and Kuwait (66.7%) [24]. Lower prevalence rate of poor glycemic control was also reported in studies from Pakistan (46.7%) [25] and Spain (50.6%) [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievements of Diabetes Goals and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Diabetic Clinic in Northern Ethiopia

Belay

Abera

Mehari

et al. 2017

International Journal of Chronic Diseases

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Background The aim of this study was to assess target diabetic goal achievements and to explore variables associated with them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and April 2016 on 188 type 2 diabetic patients attending Ayder Referral Hospital's outpatient diabetic clinic. Glycemic control was assessed using fasting plasma glucose values and total cholesterol and triglyceride were used to evaluate lipid profiles. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Result Mean duration of diabetes was 6.5 years. Combined glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure targets were achieved only in 8.5% of the participants. More males achieved combined targets than females. Separately, while above two-thirds of the patients had poor glycemic control (67%), more than half of the participants have had poor lipid (58.5%) and blood pressure (52.1%) control. A significant portion of the patients (68.1%) had also comorbidities other than hyperglycemia. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, longer duration of diabetes disease (AOR: 3.4; P = 0.013) and marked month to month fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability as measured by large standard deviation (AOR: 2.5; P = 0.023) were significantly associated with overall poor mean FPG results. Female sex was also significantly associated with dyslipidemia (AOR: 1.9; P = 0.049). Conclusion The study showed that achievements of combined diabetic goals are generally poor.

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“…Consistent with our findings, a range of demographic and clinical factors affect glycemic control, with varying levels of significance. Demographic factors include old age, sex, marital status, and low economic and educational level (16,23,25,26,47). Clinical factors include long diabetes duration, low levels of physical activity, intensive treatment regimen, and comorbidities such as obesity and depression (16,25,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demographic factors include old age, sex, marital status, and low economic and educational level (16,23,25,26,47). Clinical factors include long diabetes duration, low levels of physical activity, intensive treatment regimen, and comorbidities such as obesity and depression (16,25,26). Further obstacles to glycemic control have been reported, including treatment costs, absence of social support, poor patient literacy level, awareness or understanding of the disease, and negative attitudes towards diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Barriers of Glycemic Control and Self-Management Among Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Care in Jeddah: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bakhsh¹,

Qutub²

2017

IJAR

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Objectives:To assess the level of and factors affecting glycemic control, quality of diabetes self-management, and the impact of selfmanagement on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at the primary healthcare(PHC) level. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving adult patients with T2D visiting PHC centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Stratified twostage clustered sampling was used to select participants from 10 PHC centers. Optimal glycemic control was defined as a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level<7% on the last (≤3 months from the start of the study) HbA1c reading. Diabetes self-management was assessed using the Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS), comprising 7 subscales and calculated as a score (range=60-240

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Direct Medical Cost and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Saudi Patients

Abstract: Collectively, the estimated direct annual medical cost of diabetes care in Saudi Arabia would be enormous. The current study offers more insight into the economic burden of diabetes on the country.

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Associated with Long-Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Factors Associated with Long-Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Achievements of Diabetes Goals and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Diabetic Clinic in Northern Ethiopia

Levels and Barriers of Glycemic Control and Self-Management Among Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Care in Jeddah: A Cross-Sectional Study.

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