Direct measurement of cognitive deficit in brain-injured patients.

Direct measurement of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

“…Table 3 gives the summary statistics on cognitive deficit for the two schizophrenic groups. Similar statistics for the brain injured and control groups are given in Williams et al (1959). For the schizophrenics, all the ACB tests except the Pattern Analysis test show a significant drop from premorbid level.…”

“…The pattern may surprise many clinical psychologists who have accepted the hypothesis that tests which involve vocabulary are the best measures of premorbid intelligence, and show the smallest drop with illness. However, as was pointed out in a previous article on direct measurement of cognitive deficit due to brain injury (Williams et al, 1959), the evidence for the hypothesis is not very convincing.…”

“…These diagnoses were made by the senior staff of the psychiatry service at the end of the patient's period of hospitalization. A description of the controls and brain injured patients will be found in Williams, Lubin, and Gieseking (1959).…”

Premorbid IQ in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analytic Review

“…All three of these studies (one with data reported in two separate articles), found a significant decline in IQ from premorbid to post-onset testing in schizophrenia samples relative to comparison samples (19,29,34,36).…”

“…An earlier published report on this same study sample indicated that nearly one-third of the comparison subjects were recruited from the same hospital patient population as schizophrenia subjects. The other two-thirds were recruited from specific work sites, a field hospital, and a troop command (36). It is possible that this recruitment method yielded comparison subjects with a lower mean IQ score relative to the larger conscript cohort from which the schizophrenia subjects were identified.…”