Direct measurement of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

Lubin, Ardie; Cf, Gieseking; Hl, Williams

doi:10.1037/h0039818

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Kremen and colleagues (2000) showed that chronic schizophrenia patients who were matched one-to-one on education with healthy control participants tended to have estimated premorbid abilities that are a full standard deviation above healthy control participants with similar cognitive performance. This concept of intellectual decline following illness onset has also been supported by longitudinal studies (Lubin, Gieseking, & Williams, 1962;Schwartzman & Douglas, 1962), as well as by studies of first-episode patients (Goldberg, Karson, Leleszi, & Weinberger, 1988). A recent meta-analysis found that although a substantial proportion of children and adolescents who go on to develop schizophrenia have normal range cognitive performance before the onset of illness, they then suffer a decline into below-average ranges that coincides with the onset of symptoms (Bouzikas & Androu, 2011).…”

Section: Intellectual/cognitive Deteriorationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Preserved, deteriorated, and premorbidly impaired patterns of intellectual ability in schizophrenia.

Ammari¹,

Heinrichs²,

Pinnock³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Although impaired general intellectual ability is a prevalent feature in schizophrenia, patterns suggesting preserved, deteriorated, and premorbidly impaired intellect have also been identified. The main purpose of this investigation was to examine the clinical, cognitive, and neuroanatomical characteristics of these intellectual subtypes, and to establish the value and validity of this approach for reducing the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 71 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 66 healthy controls were assessed. A 'preserved' performance pattern (n=29) was defined by average-range estimated premorbid and current IQ with no evidence of decline (premorbid-current IQ difference <10 points). A 'deteriorated' pattern (n=14) was defined by a difference between estimated premorbid and current IQ estimates of 10 points or more. A 'premorbidly impaired' pattern (n=14) was defined by below average estimated premorbid and current IQ and no evidence of decline greater than 10 points. The groups were compared on demographic,

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Section: Intellectual/cognitive Deteriorationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Preserved, deteriorated, and premorbidly impaired patterns of intellectual ability in schizophrenia.

Ammari¹,

Heinrichs²,

Pinnock³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychology

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“…The mean effect size for studies that used healthy matched comparison subjects (Cohen's d=-0.36) was significantly smaller than the mean effect size for studies that used comparison subjects from large-population or cohort samples (Cohen's d=-0.56). However, this effect was primarily accounted for by the effect size of one study, which had a somewhat atypical comparison sample ascertainment method (Cohen's d=-0.10 [29]). When the effect size of this particular study was removed from the analysis, the effect sizes of the two different comparison sample ascertainment methods (method 1: identification from the remaining members of cohort or population samples; method 2: identification from healthy individuals matched with a patient sample on various demographic variables) were homogeneous (Q=1.25, df=1, p>0.05).…”

Section: Analysis Of Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Eight of the remaining 26 studies provided data on samples for which another published study reported more complete or up-to-date data. Table 1 details the basic study descriptors and mean effect sizes for the 18 studies included in our analyses (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). (For the list of excluded studies and the study descriptors [location and design], see the data supplement accompanying the online version of this article.…”

Section: Woodberry Giuliano and Seidmanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premorbid IQ in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analytic Review

Woodberry

Giuliano²,

Seidman³

2008

AJP

499

350

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“…For those studies in Table 1 examining motor-skill learning with the pursuit rotor test, current IQ data was either not collected or was not used as a matching variable between patients and controls. Although Clare et al (1993) matched on an estimate of premorbid IQ, National Adult Reading Test, previous studies have shown that patients with SC often display significant declines from premorbid IQ levels (Lubin et al 1962;Schwartzman and Douglas 1962;Dalby …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habit and Skill Learning in Schizophrenia: Evidence of Normal Striatal Processing With Abnormal Cortical Input

et al. 2002

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Different forms of nondeclarative learning involve regionally specific striatal circuits. The motor circuit (involving the putamen) has been associated with motor-skill learning and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) circuit (involving the caudate) has been associated with cognitive-habit learning. Efforts to differentiate functional striatal circuits within patient samples have been limited. Previous studies have provided mixed results regarding striatal-dependent nondeclarative learning deficits in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, a cognitive-habit learning task (probabilistic weather prediction) was used to assess the DLPFC circuit and a motor-skill learning task (pursuit rotor) was used to assess the motor circuit in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 normal controls. Patients with schizophrenia displayed significant performance differences from controls on both nondeclarative tasks; however, cognitive-habit learning rate in patients did not differ from controls. There were performance and learning-rate differences on the motor-skill learning task between the whole sample of patients and controls, however, analysis of a subset of patients and controls matched on general intellectual level eliminated learning rate differences between groups. The abnormal performance offset between patients with schizophrenia and controls in the absence of learning rate differences suggests that abnormal cortical processing provides altered input to normal striatal circuitry.

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Direct measurement of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

Preserved, deteriorated, and premorbidly impaired patterns of intellectual ability in schizophrenia.

Preserved, deteriorated, and premorbidly impaired patterns of intellectual ability in schizophrenia.

Premorbid IQ in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analytic Review

Habit and Skill Learning in Schizophrenia: Evidence of Normal Striatal Processing With Abnormal Cortical Input

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