Direct four-dimensional structural and functional imaging of cardiovascular dynamics in mouse embryos with 15  MHz optical coherence tomography

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Abstract:Neural tube closure is a critical feature of central nervous system morphogenesis during embryonic development. Failure of this process leads to neural tube defects, one of the most common forms of human congenital defects. Although molecular and genetic studies in model organisms have provided insights into the genes and proteins that are required for normal neural tube development, complications associated with live imaging of neural tube closure in mammals limit efficient morphological analyses. Here, we report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for dynamic imaging and quantitative assessment of cranial neural tube closure in live mouse embryos in culture. Through time-lapse imaging, we captured two neural tube closure mechanisms in different cranial regions, zipper-like closure of the hindbrain region and button-like closure of the midbrain region. We also used OCT imaging for phenotypic characterization of a neural tube defect in a mouse mutant. These results suggest that the described approach is a useful tool for live dynamic analysis of normal neural tube closure and neural tube defects in the mouse model. 131-137 (1991). 7. G. Morriss-Kay, H. Wood, and W. H. Chen, "Normal neurulation in mammals," Ciba Foundation symposium 181, 51-63 (1994). 8. L. R. Campbell, D. H. Dayton, and G. S. Sohal, "Neural tube defects: A review of human and animal studies on the etiology of neural tube defects," Teratology 34(2), 171-187 (1986). 9. Y. Yamaguchi and M. Miura, "How to form and close the brain: insight into the mechanism of cranial neural tube closure in mammals," Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70(17), 3171-3186 (2013). 10. D. M. Juriloff and M. J. Harris, "Mouse models for neural tube closure defects," Hum. Mol. Genet. 9(6), 993-1000 (2000).

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic imaging and quantitative analysis of cranial neural tube closure in the mouse embryo using optical coherence tomography

Wang

Garcia

Lopez

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, imaging of deeper structures can be difficult without proper orientation of the sample so that the extremities do not occlude the structures of interest. Nevertheless, previous investigations have successfully utilized OCT to study cardiac [20,58], ocular [50,54], vascular [36], and neural [59] development in murine embryos as well as visualize microinjections of drugs [60]. Additional methods such as rotational imaging could be combined with OCT to allow multi-angle embryonic imaging [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent advances in OCT source hardware have enabled the acquisition of a volume in milliseconds [22,23], enabling rapid 4D investigations such as micro-angiography [64]. This has enabled our group to study structural and functional murine embryo cardiodynamics at a volume rate of 43 Hz with direct 4D acquisition [58], whereas previous 4D analysis has relied on post-processing reconstruction methods [21, 65,66]. Naturally, this method of direct 4D acquisition paves the way for 5D (x, y, z, time, development stage) embryonic cardiovascular development investigations without reliance on complex and time consuming post-processing reconstruction with the added benefit of a significantly reduced data size and acquisition time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability, usability, and limitations of murine embryonic imaging with optical coherence tomography and optical projection tomography

Singh¹,

Raghunathan²,

Piazza³

et al. 2016

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Abstract:We present an analysis of imaging murine embryos at various embryonic developmental stages (embryonic day 9.5, 11.5, and 13.5) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical projection tomography (OPT). We demonstrate that while OCT was capable of rapid highresolution live 3D imaging, its limited penetration depth prevented visualization of deeper structures, particularly in later stage embryos. In contrast, OPT was able to image the whole embryos, but could not be used in vivo because the embryos must be fixed and cleared. Moreover, the fixation process significantly altered the embryo morphology, which was quantified by the volume of the eye-globes before and after fixation. All of these factors should be weighed when determining which imaging modality one should use to achieve particular goals of a study. References and links1. J. Beckers, W. Wurst, and M. H. de Angelis, "Towards better mouse models: enhanced genotypes, systemic phenotyping and envirotype modelling," Nat. Rev. Genet. 10(6), 371-380 (2009 440-443 (2000). 4. K. Paigen and J. T. Eppig, "A mouse phenome project," Mamm. Genome 11(9), 715-717 (2000). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91(9), 3530-3533 (1994). 9. M. Dhenain, S. W. Ruffins, and R. E. Jacobs, "Three-dimensional digital mouse atlas using high-resolution MRI," Dev. Biol. 232(2), 458-470 (2001 95-105 (1999). 33. U. Morgner, W. Drexler, F. X. Kärtner, X. D. Li, C. Pitris, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 25(2), 111-113 (2000). 34. S. Rugonyi, C. Shaut, A. Liu, K. Thornburg, and R. K. Wang, "Changes in wall motion and blood flow in the outflow tract of chick embryonic hearts observed with optical coherence tomography after outflow tract banding and vitelline-vein ligation," Phys.

“…Another functional extension allows for determination of tissue elasticity [177]. In developmental biology, high speed imaging with FDML lasers has demonstrated time-resolved imaging of heart motion [178,179]. OCT can also be used for process control in laser welding or laser ablation [180,181].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed OCT light sources and systems [Invited]

Klein¹,

Huber²

2017

198

111

Abstract:Imaging speed is one of the most important parameters that define the performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. During the last two decades, OCT speed has increased by over three orders of magnitude. New developments in wavelength-swept lasers have repeatedly been crucial for this development. In this review, we discuss the historical evolution and current state of the art of high-speed OCT systems, with focus on wavelength swept light sources and swept source OCT systems. 3067-3086 (2012). 7. J. Xu, X. Wei, L. Yu, C. Zhang, J. Xu, K. K. Y. Wong, and K. K. Tsia, "High-performance multi-megahertz optical coherence tomography based on amplified optical time-stretch," Biomed. Opt. Express 6(4), 1340-1350 (2015). 8. D. J. Fechtig, B. Grajciar, T. Schmoll, C. Blatter, R. M. Werkmeister, W. Drexler, and R. A. Leitgeb, "Line-field parallel swept source MHz OCT for structural and functional retinal imaging," Biomed. Opt. Express 6(3), 716-735 (2015). 9. T. Klein, W. Wieser, L. Reznicek, A. Neubauer, A. Kampik, and R. Huber, "Multi-MHz retinal OCT," Biomed.Opt. Express 4(10), 1890-1908 (2013). 10. E. A. Swanson, D. Huang, M. R. Hee, J. G. Fujimoto, C. P. Lin, and C. A. Puliafito, "High-speed optical coherence domain reflectometry," Opt. Lett. 17(2), 151-153 (1992). 11. G. J. Tearney, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, B. Golubovic, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Rapid acquisition of in vivo biological images by use of optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21(17), 1408-1410 (1996). 12. G. J. Tearney, B. E. Bouma, and J. G. Fujimoto, "High-speed phase-and group-delay scanning with a gratingbased phase control delay line," Opt. Lett. 22(23), 1811-1813 (1997). 13. A. Rollins, S. Yazdanfar, M. Kulkarni, R. Ung-Arunyawee, and J. Izatt, "In vivo video rate optical coherence tomography," Opt. Express 3(6), 219-229 (1998). 14. G. Häusler and M. W. Lindner, "Coherence radar and 'spectral radar'-new tools for dermatological diagnosis," J.Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 21-31 (1998). 15. B. Golubovic, B. E. Bouma, G. J. Tearney, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical frequency-domain reflectometry using rapid wavelength tuning of a Cr4+:forsterite laser," Opt. Lett. 22(22), 1704-1706 (1997). 16. S. R. Chinn, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography using a frequency-tunable optical source," Opt. Lett. 22(5), 340-342 (1997). 17. M. Wojtkowski, R. Leitgeb, A. Kowalczyk, T. Bajraszewski, and A. F. Fercher, "In vivo human retinal imaging by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 457-463 (2002). 18. L. Kranendonk, R. Bartula, and S. Sanders, "Modeless operation of a wavelength-agile laser by high-speed cavity length changes," Opt. Express 13(5), 1498-1507 (2005). 656-664 (2012). 36. C. Henry, "Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18(2), 259-264 (1982). 37. J. Geng, Q. Wang, J. Wang, S. Jiang, and K. Hsu, "All-fiber wavelength-swept laser near 2 μm," Opt. Lett. 3771-3773 (2011). 38. F. Nielsen, L. Thrane, J. Black, A. Bjarklev, and P. Ander...