Abstract:With the increasing popularity of wearable devices, lightweight electronic skin (e-skin) has attracted significant attention. However, current fabrication technologies make it difficult to directly fabricate sensing materials on flexible substrates at low temperatures. Hence, we propose a flexible graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (F-GNEC) film, which is directly grown on a flexible substrate using an electron cyclotron resonance low-temperature sputtering system. The direct batch manufacturing of e-skin is o… Show more
“…In the high-energy part of the EELS spectrum, the π* peak appeared near 286 eV, which indicated the presence of sp 2 bonds. In addition, the δ* peak appeared near 295 eV, which indicated the presence of a crystalline structure 45 . Fig.…”
A novel bone-inspired fatigue-resistant hydrogel with excellent mechanical and piezoresistive properties was developed, and it exhibited great potential as a load and strain sensor for underwater robotics and daily monitoring. The hydrogel was created by using the high edge density and aspect ratio of graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) nanomaterials to form a three-dimensional conductive network and prevent the expansion of microcracks in the hydrogel system. Multiscale progressive enhancement of the organic hydrogels (micrometer scale) was realized with inorganic graphene nanosheets (nanometer scale). The graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film exhibited good electron transport properties, and the increased distances between the graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film caused by external forces increased the resistance, so the hydrogel was highly sensitive and suitable for connection to a loop for sensing applications. The hydrogels obtained in this work exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as tensile properties (strain up to 1685%) and strengths (stresses up to 171 kPa), that make them suitable for use as elastic retraction devices in robotics and provide high sensitivities (150 ms) for daily human monitoring.
“…In the high-energy part of the EELS spectrum, the π* peak appeared near 286 eV, which indicated the presence of sp 2 bonds. In addition, the δ* peak appeared near 295 eV, which indicated the presence of a crystalline structure 45 . Fig.…”
A novel bone-inspired fatigue-resistant hydrogel with excellent mechanical and piezoresistive properties was developed, and it exhibited great potential as a load and strain sensor for underwater robotics and daily monitoring. The hydrogel was created by using the high edge density and aspect ratio of graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) nanomaterials to form a three-dimensional conductive network and prevent the expansion of microcracks in the hydrogel system. Multiscale progressive enhancement of the organic hydrogels (micrometer scale) was realized with inorganic graphene nanosheets (nanometer scale). The graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film exhibited good electron transport properties, and the increased distances between the graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film caused by external forces increased the resistance, so the hydrogel was highly sensitive and suitable for connection to a loop for sensing applications. The hydrogels obtained in this work exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as tensile properties (strain up to 1685%) and strengths (stresses up to 171 kPa), that make them suitable for use as elastic retraction devices in robotics and provide high sensitivities (150 ms) for daily human monitoring.
23 MPa), despite its exceptionally high water content (i.e., 90 wt%). The integration of such unprecedented mechanical attributes is mainly ascribed to the exquisite multilayered lamellar structures consisting of aligned chitin nanofibers. [5,6] However, when compared with natural materials, conventional synthetic hydrogels are typically weak and fragile for practical applications, owing to the sparsely crosslinked network, low solid content, homogeneous structure, and absence of structural hierarchy, thus hampering their practical applications where long service life, high loading capability and/or impact tolerance are highly demanded. [7][8][9][10] One of the most promising approaches to engineer synthetic hydrogels with extraordinary mechanical properties (i.e., strength, modulus, toughness and fatigue resistance) is through the bioinspired structural hierarchy design. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The most spectacular examples are nacre-like polymer or hydrogel composites, which are consisted of aligned micro/nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, thus, enabling them stiff yet tough and able to dissipate energy. [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23] In addition to the layered and brick-and-mortar microstructures, high inorganic loading (i.e., >70 wt%) is another critical role for the mechanical enhancement, however, sacrificing With the strengthening capacity through harnessing multi-length-scale structural hierarchy, synthetic hydrogels hold tremendous promise as a low-cost and abundant material for applications demanding unprecedented mechanical robustness. However, integrating high impact resistance and high water content, yet superior softness, in a single hydrogel material still remains a grand challenge. Here, a simple, yet effective, strategy involving bidirectional freeze-casting and compression-annealing is reported, leading to a hierarchically structured hydrogel material. Rational engineering of the distinct 2D lamellar structures, well-defined nanocrystalline domains and robust interfacial interaction among the lamellae, synergistically contributes to a record-high ballistic energy absorption capability (i.e., 2.1 kJ m −1 ), without sacrificing their high water content (i.e., 85 wt%) and superior softness. Together with its low-cost and extraordinary energy dissipation capacity, the hydrogel materials present a durable alternative to conventional hydrogel materials for armor-like protection circumstances.
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