Direct Electron Transfer between Carbon Electrodes, Immobilized Mediator and an Immobilized Viologen‐accepting Pyridine Nucleotide Oxidoreductase

Abstract

The electron transfer between electrodes and the redox‐active prosthetic groups of oxidoreductases is usually too slow to be measurable, unless a mediator is used. Now, a mediator and the enzyme have been covalently immobilized on a functionalized carbon electrode. The electrons can thus flow from the cathode to the oxidoreductase via a “molecular wire”. The use of carbon felt having a larger inner surface area as electrode affords current densities at the lower end of the range used in industrial processes.

Properties and mechanistic aspects of newly found redox enzymes from anaerobes suitable for bioconversions on preparatory scale

“…The N,N'-diaminopropyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication (DAPV) can be bound with one amino group to the carboxyl group at the surface of cathodes (oxidised graphite) and the other amino group can be used for the covalent fixation of an enzyme (ref. 17) or the enzyme may be in solution and only the mediator is fixed to the carbon electrode (ref. 18).…”

Cyclic Voltammetry of [Co(sep)]3+Incorporated in Nafion Polymer Films on Glassy Carbon Electrodes and Ultramicroelectrodes

“…The direct electron transfer between a glassy carbon electrode, immobilized cobalt cage complex [Co((NH 2 ) 2 -sar)] 3/ mediator, and immobilized enzyme viologen-accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase has been reported (25). Additionally, Co(sep) 3/ has been shown to produce hydrogen from water after a one electron reduction (26).…”

Development of dimethyl sulfoxide biosensor using a mediator immobilized enzyme electrode

“…As for the immobilization of viologen dyes several methods have been reported. For example, viologen-acrylamide polymer, 7 viologen modified enzyme 8 and electrode, [9][10][11] electropolymerization of viologen modified pyrrole, 12 viologen immobilization in Nafion polymer [13][14][15] have been reported. Among them the method using Nafion polymer seems to be simple and rapid in its preparation and measurement, therefore, we constructed a DMSO sensor based on the Nafion polymer and DMSO-R.…”