Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and glucose biosensing on a hydroxyl fullerenes modified glassy carbon electrode

Fullerenes in Electrochemical Catalytic and Affinity Biosensing: A Review

“…From the discussed works, it is deduced that fullerene-C 60 and derivatives not only provide a suitable immobilization platform for DNA and antibodies, but have also the ability to induce a proper orientation in redox-active proteins, allowing for the direct electron transfer of enzymes and other proteins such as cyt c [35], GOx [13,31], Hb [18] and laccase [6,33]. Fullerene nanomaterials can act also as efficient nanocarriers due to the high surface area and good biocompatibility in the preparation of electrochemical biosensors with enhanced sensitivity [17].…”

“…Moreover, these materials have been used as redox nanoprobes to prepare electrochemical affinity biosensors through the synthesis of hydrophilic C 60 -based nanomaterials and exploiting the inner redox activity of C 60 [15]. While C 60 and derivatives have been used as electrode modifiers in catalytic biosensors, in electrochemical affinity biosensors they have been employed as electrode modifiers [1,5,6,[9][10][11][12][13]18,24,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], nanocarriers [15,17,19] and redox nanoprobes [15]. Although most of the work has been done in developing catalytic biosensors and immunosensors, there is no doubt that fullerenes can be used as an active material in biosensing devices for the determination of biomolecules of a genetic nature.…”

“…HFs may link with a protein to form specific noncovalent complexes and protect their biological activity. They are also useful for the formation of gels, starburst polymers and composites [31].…”

“…Gao et al [31] developed a sensitive and selective glucose biosensor showing the direct electrochemistry of GOx by immobilizing GOx-HFs nano-complexes on a GCE protected with a chitosan (Chit) membrane. Amperometric detection at −0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) provided a response for glucose ranging from 0.05 to 30 mM (with 0.05-1.0 mM and 3-10 mM) and provided a LOD of 5 ± 1 µM.…”

Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Hydroxyl Fullerenes- Tio2 Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…And nanoparticles, such as Ag, Au, MnO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 or TiO 2 , and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have also been served in electrochemical study of redox proteins [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among them, the combination of several kinds of nano-materials may bring together their unique properties and generate a new nanocomposite with superior characteristics [13][14][15].…”