Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase on Novel Free-Standing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanospheres@Carbon Nanofibers Composite Film

Abstract

We have proposed a novel free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres@carbon nanofibers (NCNSs@CNFs) composite film with high processability for the investigation of the direct electron transfer (DET) of glucose oxidase (GOx) and the DET-based glucose biosensing. The composites were simply prepared by controlled thermal treatment of electrospun polypyrrole nanospheres doped polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PPyNSs@PAN NFs). Without any pretreatment, the as-prepared material can directly serve as a platform for GOx immobilization. The cyclic voltammetry of immobilized GOx showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks in O2-free solution, indicating the DET of GOx. With the addition of glucose, the anodic peak current increased, while the cathodic peak current decreased, which demonstrated the DET-based bioelectrocatalysis. The detection of glucose based on the DET of GOx was achieved, which displayed high sensitivity, stability and selectivity, with a low detection limit of 2 μM and wide linear range of 12–1000 μM. These results demonstrate that the as-obtained NCNSs@CNFs can serve as an ideal platform for the construction of the third-generation glucose biosensor.

Glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers: a review

“…Zhang, X. et al developed a DET-based glucose biosensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres@carbon nanofiber (NCNSs@CNFs) composite [182]. The electrospun polypyrrole nanospheres doped polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PPyNSs@PAN NFs) is subjected to thermal treatment to obtain NCNSs@CNFs.…”

How to engineer glucose oxidase for mediated electron transfer

“…These third generation biosensors are composed of electrodes (e.g., glassy carbon electrode, porous gold electrode, etc.) and are functionalized with composite materials such as sensing elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes [CNTs]) and immobilized GOx (du Toit & Di Lorenzo, ; M. Zhang et al, ; Sağlam, Kızılkaya, Uysal, & Dilgin, ; Shrestha et al, ; Suganthi, Arockiadoss, & Uma, ; Tian, Alex, Siegel, & Tiwari, ; X. P. Zhang, Liu, Li, & You, ; Xu, Sheng, Shen, & Zheng, ; Y. Yu et al, ). The presence of endogenous electroactive metabolites and impurities, the long distance between redox cofactor and electrode surface, and the orientation of GOx on the electrode, though, are difficult challenges for the development of direct electron transfer approaches (Bartlett & Al‐Lolage, ; Luong, Glennon, Gedanken, & Vashist, ).…”

“…and are functionalized with composite materials such as sensing elements (e. g., carbon nanotubes [CNTs]) and immobilized GOx (du Toit & Di Lorenzo, 2014;M. Zhang et al, 2015;Sağlam, Kızılkaya, Uysal, & Dilgin, 2016;Shrestha et al, 2016;Suganthi, Arockiadoss, & Uma, 2016;Tian, Alex, Siegel, & Tiwari, 2015;X. P. Zhang, Liu, Li, & You, 2015;Xu, Sheng, Shen, & Zheng, 2017;Y.…”

Cu(I) Coordination Complex Precursor for Randomized CuOx Microarray Loaded on Carbon Nanofiber with Excellent Electrocatalytic Performance for Electrochemical Glucose Detection

“…They have been extensively used in electrochemical sensors and biosensors either as co-catalyst or/and catalyst support [9]. Indeed, they can be used both as immobilization matrixes for metal/metal oxides and as transducers due to their electrochemical signal [24][25][26].Recently, the construction of micro-/nano-structures assembly-based electrode compositions containing copper/copper oxides has been studied for enhancing the electrocatalytic properties and implicit, the electroanalytical performance for the non-enzymatic detection of glucose through the one-pot solvothermal method [8] and the copper-based metal-organic framework [1].Copper coordination complexes represent one of the largest classes containing copper with relevant photochemical and photophysical properties [27]. Inspired by the important role of copper in biological systems, biomimetic materials that were based on copper coordination complexes were obtained and reported as good catalysts for water oxidation [28] or oxygen reduction in fuel cells [29][30][31][32].…”

“…They have been extensively used in electrochemical sensors and biosensors either as co-catalyst or/and catalyst support [9]. Indeed, they can be used both as immobilization matrixes for metal/metal oxides and as transducers due to their electrochemical signal [24][25][26].…”