Direct Electrical Energy Demand in Fused Deposition Modelling

A design of experiments approach for the optimisation of energy and waste during the production of parts manufactured by 3D printing

“…Additive layer manufacturing processes, such as FDM, based on material addition are generally accepted as more material efficient than alternative subtractive mechanical machining processes. The energy consumption of layered manufacturing processes is however relatively unexplored (Balogun et al, 2014). Huang et al, (2015) identified that the adoption of AM components in aircraft has the potential to provide significant energy savings, due to reduced material requirements needed for production and the fuel economy (reduction of 6.4%) from lighter weight components Alexander et al, (1998) identified two of the most basic challenges of all AM processes as being determination of the optimal build orientation and minimizing the manufacturing costs.…”

“…Their work seeks to analyse the relationship in general terms so as to be applicable to a range of AM processes through the development of independent methods to consider build orientation and costings, allowing the output of each to be combined. A generic model for direct energy demand in layered manufacture was proposed by Balogun et al, (2014), focusing on and comparing three different FDM machines and also benchmarking against alternative mechanical manufacturing processes. Mognol et al, (2006) considered three AM processes including FDM, with respect to selecting a set of parameters to reduce the electrical energy consumption.…”

Research needs and recommendations on environmental implications of additive manufacturing

“…Generally, for many AM processes, the energy consumption of building a single part using different printing parameters has been well studied, including many studies on laser sintering process [11][12][13][14][15] and fused deposition modeling (FDM) [11,16,17], as well as few studies on binder jetting [18][19][20], Stereolithography [21], electron beam melting (EBM) [22,23], and thermojet [11]. For EBM process, it has been pointed out that energy consumption is almost independent on shape complexity [23].…”

Additive Manufacturing, Cloud-Based 3D Printing and Associated Services—Overview

“…Balogun et al [23] perform an experiment on the electricity consumption of the FDM process. The authors divide the manufacturing process into its components (Start-up, warm-up, ready-state, build-state).…”