Direct Effects of Cholecystokinin on Human Gastric Motility

Abstract

For a precise analysis of the cholecystokinin (CCK 8) effects on human stomach, we dissected strips of longitudinal and circular muscle from the fundus, corpus and antrum, and circular muscle from the inner and outer pyloric sphincter and duodenum. Specimens were taken during gastrectomy and from stomachs of kidney donors. Mechanical activity was simultaneously recorded under auxotonic conditions. After CCK 8 application, the following effects were observed: (1) direct excitatory effects of CCK 8 with great regional variations in quality and intensity; (2) increases in amplitude of phasic contractions in the outer plyorus and longitudinal antrum (in the other types of preparations the effects were negligible; (3) increases in tonic activity in preparations of the proximal stomach and in strips of longitudinal muscle form the antrum, and (4) remarkable interindividual differences, with negligible responses in one third of the 24 human stomachs examined.

Effect of Cholecystokinin-Octapeptide and Cerulein on Phasic and Tonic Components in Ovine Duodenum with Special Reference to the 'Minute Rhythm'

“…The widely described stimulatory action of CCK on gallbladder contraction was firstly recognized as the ability of the hormone to affect tonic contractions (Walsh 1994). However, some other reports indicate that CCK can stimulate tonic motility in the stomach, pylorus and ruminal muscle (Fraser et al 1993;Lüdtke et al 1988;Onaga et al 1989) as well as in the large intestine (Coffin et al 1999) in various animal species including ruminants. Other reports suggest that CCK and related peptides increase tonic contractions in the small bowel of monogastrics (Dollinger et al 1975;Niederau and Karaus 1991;Stacher et al 1984;Stewart and Burks 1977) but other authors did not make this observation (Anuras and Cooke 1978;Gutiérez et al 1974).…”

Cholecystokinin octapeptide stimulates phasic and tonic pyloric motility in healthy humans.

“…These antropyloric waves were not seen after atropine, consistent with the findings of Kuwahara et al, who reported that the effects of CCK on the gastric antrum in dogs were completely abolished by atropine.23 A differential effect of CCK-8 on contraction of human gastric smooth muscle strips has been reported in vitro, depending both on the dose of CCK-8 and the section of the stomach from which the muscle strip originated. 24 The primary aim ofthis study was to determine whether CCK-8, a putative mediator of pyloric motility, had any effect on pyloric contractions in healthy humans. The doses of CCK-8 used in this study were larger than those reported to slow gastric emptying and may well be pharmacological.…”

Role of cholecystokinin in appetite control and body weight regulation

“…Exogenous administration of CCK slows gastric emptying (9,39,44), which is associated with proximal gastric relaxation (45), suppression of antral and duodenal pressure waves and stimulation of tonic and phasic pyloric pressures (8,46,47), stimulation of jejunal, and suppression of colonic, motility (48). The inhibitory effect of fat on gastric emptying is attenuated by administration of the CCK 1 receptor antagonist, loxiglumide (43), indicating that the effects of fat on gastric emptying are mediated by CCK.…”