Direct drive wave energy array with offshore energy storage supplying off‐grid residential load

Sousounis, Marios Charilaos; Gan, Leong Kit; Kiprakis, Aristides; Shek, Jonathan

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0032

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It means that the malfunctioning of one unit would not affect the operation of the other units, however only a reduction of power can be experienced and tolerated. In this case, smart energy storage systems can be deployed to act as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to compensate for the power deficit [72,84,117]. Also, the wave arrays and farms would benefit from the modular structure regarding design and interoperability.…”

Section: Synergy and Competitivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for power generation from ocean wave renewable energy source: a comprehensive review on state‐of‐the‐art technology and future prospects

Mwasilu

Jung

2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This study presents a comprehensive review of the ocean wave technology and prospects of the wave energy penetration to cater to clean global energy demand. An ocean wave is a remarkable energy resource, but it presents a very small share in the global energy mix because of various challenges and limitations encountered to unleash its potential. This study evaluates intensively the complex barriers to the ocean energy technology deployment. The existing and prospective major wave energy projects are extensively examined to identify the learned lessons and optimise possible technological solutions to close the gap in the energy market. Furthermore, limiting and motivating factors to foster the global wave energy potential growth are deeply discussed to ignite new research directions and promising solutions. In particular, the wave energy converters as the underpinning enabling technology are fully investigated regarding their technical readiness, reliability, competitiveness and critical challenges. To complete the power equation, possible energy conversion stages, grid connection and integration issues are dealt with in a broad view of the wave energy power system. Eventually, this study aims at providing an updated ocean wave technology review and progress while introducing new research gap to fast-track contributions in the global energy mix.

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Section: Synergy and Competitivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for power generation from ocean wave renewable energy source: a comprehensive review on state‐of‐the‐art technology and future prospects

Mwasilu

Jung

2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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“…[34]. The utilisation of a bidirectional DC/DC Ćuk converter with a SC system in a wave energy array is described in [35]. The SC voltage is chosen to be 750V and this is possible by adding six in series BMOD0063 P125 B08 SC modules from Maxwell Technologies [36].…”

Section: The Supercapacitor Module Design and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of supercapacitors in a tidal current conversion system using a torque pulsation mitigation strategy

Sousounis

Shek

Sellar

2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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The research presented in this paper investigates the effect of connecting supercapacitors at the DC link of a hypothetical 1.5MW three-bladed variable-pitch horizontal-axis tidal current turbine that uses a torque pulsation mitigation strategy. Torque pulsations are classified into fatigue torque and ultimate or peak torque. Both can lead to premature components failure or system overdesign and costly maintenance. Research has suggested that torque pulsations can be mitigated by using a novel control strategy with which pulsations created by the unsteady tidal current flow are reduced by changing the generator speed. Increasing the variation of the generator speed increases the variation of the electrical power output of the generator. The electrical power output of the generator is injected to the grid through back-to-back AC to DC, DC to AC converters. The increased variation of the electrical power output of the generator causes DC link voltage spikes, increases the stress of electrical components and affects the compliance of the tidal current conversion system for grid connection. In order to tackle these problems a supercapacitor module is proposed to be connected at the DC link. The supercapacitor is able to absorb the fast short-term variations of the electrical power and keep the DC link voltage within limits. The potential benefits of using supercapacitors for connection in weaker grids and in tidal current arrays are also studied. Results show that DC link voltage and grid side harmonics are positively affected from the installation of a supercapacitor at the DC link.

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“…The PMLG model receives as input the displacement from the point absorber model and produces the F pto , which is used in the mechanical mass-spring-damper system. The PMLG is modelled using Equations (3)-(5) [28,30]:…”

Section: The Permanent Magnet Linear Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The velocity controller (VelC) was first introduced in [28] for an array of DD WEC with energy storage at the DC link. The main idea behind the velocity controller is based on the equations given in (13).…”

Section: Velocity Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Section 3 presents the controller considered in this research and the subsequent optimization process for power maximization at the grid connection. In addition, Section 3 presents in detail the velocity-based controller developed specifically for the wave-to-wire power maximization, which was based on the research presented in [28]. Section 4 presents the implementation of the methodology of Sections 2 and 3 using a realistic test case based on the waters of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave-to-Wire Power Maximization Control for All-Electric Wave Energy Converters with Non-Ideal Power Take-Off

Sousounis

Shek

2019

Energies

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The research presented in this paper investigates novel ways of optimizing all-electric wave energy converters for maximum wave-to-wire efficiency. In addition, a novel velocity-based controller is presented which was designed specifically for wave-to-wire efficiency maximization. In an ideal wave energy converter system, maximum efficiency in power conversion is achieved by maximizing the hydrodynamic efficiency of the floating body. However, in a real system, that involves losses at different stages from wave to grid, and the global wave-to-wire optimum differs from the hydrodynamic one. For that purpose, a full wave-to-wire wave energy converter that uses a direct-drive permanent magnet linear generator was modelled in detail. The modelling aspect included complex hydrodynamic simulations using Edinburgh Wave Systems Simulation Toolbox and the electrical modelling of the generator, controllers, power converters and the power transmission side with grid connection in MATLAB/Simulink. Three reference controllers were developed based on the previous literature: a real damping, a reactive spring damping and a velocity-based controller. All three literature-based controllers were optimized for maximum wave-to-wire efficiency for a specific wave energy resource profile. The results showed the advantage of using reactive power to bring the velocity of the point absorber and the wave excitation force in phase, which was done directly using the velocity-based controller, achieving higher efficiencies. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that maximizing hydrodynamic energy capture may not lead to maximum wave-to-wire efficiency. Finally, the controllers were also tested in random sea states, and their performance was evaluated.

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Direct drive wave energy array with offshore energy storage supplying off‐grid residential load

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Potential for power generation from ocean wave renewable energy source: a comprehensive review on state‐of‐the‐art technology and future prospects

Potential for power generation from ocean wave renewable energy source: a comprehensive review on state‐of‐the‐art technology and future prospects

The effect of supercapacitors in a tidal current conversion system using a torque pulsation mitigation strategy

Wave-to-Wire Power Maximization Control for All-Electric Wave Energy Converters with Non-Ideal Power Take-Off

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