Direct determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in coal liquids and shale oil by laser excited Shpol'skii spectrometry

Yang, Yen.; D’Silva, Arthur P.; Fassel, Velmer A.; Iles, Malvern K.

doi:10.1021/ac50058a045

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, we adopted measurements of the benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) mass concentration as an alternate for black carbon. BaP is highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is in general found as an adsorbate on black carbon in automobile exhaust fumes (especially from diesel engines), smoke resulting from the combustion of any organic material, and charbroiled food [ Ishidate , 1979; Drake et al , 1978; Maple et al , 1980; Yang et al , 1980; Gerde et al , 2001]. MEJ has investigated BaP mass concentrations at 23 sites from the 1970s to the mid‐1990s [ Ministry of the Environment of Japan , 1997] and at about 70 sites since the late 1990s [ Ministry of the Environment of Japan , 2009].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol impact on the brightening in Japan

et al. 2012

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[1] The long-term changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) at 0.75 mm from the 1970s to the 2000s at 14 sites in Japan were estimated from the direct and diffuse irradiances measured by ground-based broadband radiometers under clear-sky conditions. Noticeable changes in AOD and SSA were seen: AOD decreased by 0.02, and SSA increased by 0.21. The ratio of surface solar irradiance to solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere under clear-sky conditions, calculated from the estimated AOD and SSA, showed apparent brightening of +0.05, of which +0.01 was attributed to a decrease of AOD and +0.04 to an increase of SSA. The cloud forcing of the surface solar irradiance, estimated as the difference between the surface solar irradiance measured under cloudy-sky conditions and that under clear-sky conditions, showed no significant trend. These findings suggest that the brightening in Japan has been caused by changes in aerosol optical properties, especially SSA, rather than by cloud changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol impact on the brightening in Japan

et al. 2012

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“…Nonetheless, tunable sourcesÐ e.g., a dye laser pum ped by a pulsed nitrogen, excimer, or Nd:YAG laserÐ are advantageous for both site and analyte selection. 1,5,6 The transition wavelengths for most PAHs often require frequency doubling or mixing techniques to shift the visible laser light into the ultraviolet range. The linewidths of most Shpol'skii samples at 77 K are on the order of 20 ± 40 cm 2 1 ; even at liquid helium temperature, linewidths of less than 1 cm 2 1 are comparatively rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Resolved Laser-Excited Shpol'skii Spectrometry with a Fiber-Optic Probe and ICCD Camera

2000

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Improved methodology for chemical analysis via laser-excited Shpol'skii spectrometry is reported. The complications of traditional methodology for measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature are avoided by freezing the distal end of a bifurcated fiber-optic probe directly into the sample matrix. Emission wavelength-time matrices were rapidly collected by automatically incrementing the gate delay of an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera relative to the laser excitation pulse. The excitation source is a compact frequency-doubled tunable dye laser whose bandwidth (<0.03 nm) is well matched for Shpol'skii spectroscopy. Data reproducibility for quantitative analysis purposes and analytical figures of merit are demonstrated for several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at 77 K. Although not attempted in this study, time-resolved excitation-emission matrices could easily be collected with this instrumental system.

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“…2. Analytical applications of conventional Shpol'skii spectroscopy and of LESS for the analysis of PAH mixtures have been documented (160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168)(169)(170)(171)(172)(173)(174). A summary of recent obser vations on the Shpol'skii effect spectra is given in a recent article (78).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analytical application of laser excited Shpol'skii spectroscopy: direct identification and quantitation of polynuclear aromatic compounds

Elsaid

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Elsaid, Abdelmonaim Elbaz, "Analytical application of laser excited Shpol'skii spectroscopy: direct identification and quantitation of polynuclear aromatic compounds " (1986 INFORMATION TO USERSThis reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction.

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Direct determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in coal liquids and shale oil by laser excited Shpol'skii spectrometry

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Aerosol impact on the brightening in Japan

Aerosol impact on the brightening in Japan

Time-Resolved Laser-Excited Shpol'skii Spectrometry with a Fiber-Optic Probe and ICCD Camera

Analytical application of laser excited Shpol'skii spectroscopy: direct identification and quantitation of polynuclear aromatic compounds

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