Direct Determination of Nicotine in Antismoking Pharmaceutical Products and in Tobacco Using an Inhibition Biosensor

Abstract

A bienzymatic inhibition biosensor, consisting of a hydrogen peroxide amperometric electrode coupled to a functionalised nylon membrane chemically bonding the enzymes butyrylcholinesterase and choline oxidase and using butyrylcholine as substrate, was prepared and tested for the analysis of nicotine. The system was applied to the analysis of several pharmaceutical formulations containing nicotine used to treat addiction and to determine the nicotine content of different types of commercial tobacco.

Voltammetric Determination of Nicotine at Poly(4‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxynaphthalene Sulfonic Acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Spectrophotometric methods also involve toxic reagents like cyanogen bromide [16,22] and require preliminary extraction and purification steps that lead to loss of analyte. Use of inhibition based enzyme biosensor has also been reported [2,23] but the expensive cost and problem of stability of enzymes make it less convenient in real application.…”

“…Nicotine (NIC) (3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine) is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid [1] and a toxic plant alkaloid found in the genus Nicotiana [2]. Nicotiana tabacum is cultivated throughout the world for the preparation of cigars, cigarettes, pipe and chewing tobacco [3].…”

Rapid electrochemical platform for nicotine sensing in cigarettes and chewing gums

“…Levent et al (2009) described a method for the determination of nicotine using pencil graphite electrode in the presence of anionic surfactant with LOD of 2.0 × 10 -6 mol·L -1 . In recent years, several electrochemical biosensors were constructed for determination of nicotine (Campanella et al, 2001;Highton et al, 2009). The lowest LOD of 5.5 × 10 -11 mol·L -1 with wide linear concentration range from 1.8 × 10 -10 to 1.0 × 10 -3 mol·L -1 were obtained by a sensor based on an interaction of bovine serum albumine with nicotine (Liang et al, 2012).…”

Electrochemical Biosensors for Drug Analysis

“…Reversible inhibition of the biosensor response by nicotine which acted on the catalytic activity of ChOX [79,80] and by anti-Alzheimer drug candidates has been described [24,29] In order to avoid the use of ChOX in a two enzyme configuration, the electrochemical monitoring of the catalytic cycle of AChE can be achieved thanks to the use of acetylthiocholine as substrate [29,81]. The biosensor signal corresponds to the electrochemical oxidation of thiocholine on the surface of glassy carbon, carbon paste, or platinum electrode as follows:…”