Direct Determination of Anionic Surfactants Using Ion Chromatography

Hoeft, Carl E.; Zollars, Richard L.

doi:10.1080/10826079408013408

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Anionic surfactants are important additives in many industrial processes and products, and their analysis is a great concern from industrial, environmental, and pharmaceutical viewpoints. Commonly used analytical approaches include gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). − In GC, time-consuming and often complex derivatization procedures are required. LC approaches with ion-exchangers or reversed phases have been widely used, but there are problems associated with strong sorption or incomplete separation of all components.…”

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“…In addition, LAS formulations contain isomers due to attachment of the benzyl group at different positions along the alkyl chain. Chromatographic techniques have been reported for separation of LAS, − but complete characterization is difficult. Liquid chromatographic methods have been developed that provide partial resolution of major and minor components, but complete separation takes ∼1 h .…”

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Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants

1996

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The potential of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of hydrophobic solutes has been examined for a series of alkanesulfonates (C 2 -C 16 ), alkyl sulfates (C 8 -C 18 ), and linear alkyl benzenesulfonates. Sample loss and band broadening observed in aqueous CE separations was not observed in nonaqueous systems. Changes in separation selectivity induced by solvation and ion pair effects were examined. Separation selectivity was affected by changes in solvation and by a change from protic (methanol) to aprotic conditions (addition of acetonitrile). The addition of alkali metal ion caused changes in migration time via ion pairing but had only small effects on separation selectivity. However, the adjustment of the hydrophobicity of the electrolyte counterion was effective for separation optimization. The analytical features of these nonaqueous systems and applications to samples of shampoo, liquid detergent, and laundry detergents were also briefly examined. Alkanesulfonates and alkyl sulfates were separated in 0.01 mol/L sodium p-toluenesulfonate and 0.005 mol/L ptoluenesulfonic acid in methanol and in methanol/acetonitrile mixtures with indirect UV detection at 214 nm. Linear alkyl benzenesulfonates were separated in methanol and methanol/acetonitrile mixtures with tetramethylammonium as a counterion and direct detection at 214 nm.

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Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants

1996

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“…Specific and nonspecific analytical methods have been developed for the determination of surfactants both in cosmetics, paints, household soaps and detergents, and pharmaceutical formulations and in wastewater management , In situations where a single surfactant is present in a given sample or the total surfactant concentration is relevant, nonspecific titration methods can be used. , Titrations such as the Wickbold potentiometric procedure for nonionic surfactants , and the colorimetric methylene blue method for anionic surfactants generally involve preconcentration and extraction steps to improve detectability and minimize interferences. As a result, existing schemes are not ideal, and a simple sensor for the quantification of surfactants would help to alleviate many of the aforementioned problems.…”

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Biosensor for the Nonspecific Determination of Ionic Surfactants

Lundgren

Bright

1996

Anal. Chem.

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We report the analytical figures of merit for the first biosensor for ionic surfactant quantification. The biosensor consists of a silanized silica optical fiber, onto which acrylodan-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-Ac) is immobilized. Recent work from our laboratory on native BSA-Ac (Lundgren, J. S.; Bright, F. V. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 8580-8586) has shown that ionic surfactants dehydrate the local environment surrounding the lone acrylodan residue, open up the pocket hosting the acrylodan reporter group, and dramatically increase the segmental mobility of domain I in BSA. In the current work, we use BSA-Ac as an actual biorecognition element for surfactant detection and quantification. We also compare several BSA-Ac immobilization strategies and determine the analytical figures of merit for the BSA-Ac-based biosensor to a prototypical analyte, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The biosensor linear dynamic range extends from 5 to 60 μM, and the t(90) response time (90% of the total response) is less than 30 s. Biosensor response precision (relative standard deviation) during 34 sensing cycles is 2.5%. On the down side, biosensor performance decreases 38% after 25 days of storage; however, this drift can be compensated. This work also demonstrates the utility of BSA-Ac as a model biorecognition element-reporter group system for grading the suitability of different surface immobilization strategies.

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Sulfonic Acids

Tully

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Tully, Paul S. (Stepan Co.). Organic sulfonic acids having the formula RSO 3 H are described herein. Typical R‐groups are derived from organic radicals based on alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes. These groups may contain a wide variety of secondary functionalities. A wide variety of sulfonic acids and their derivatives are used industrially on a large scale in the manufacture of surfactants, dyes, inks, dispersing agents, and polymers. Those sulfonic acids that find broad application as catalysts in both alkylation processes and general organic reactions are also disclosed. More esoteric applications in the areas of custom organic syntheses and biological research involving sulfonic acid is described, as is the environmental fate of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and its sulfonates.

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Direct Determination of Anionic Surfactants Using Ion Chromatography

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants

Application of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Long-Chain Surfactants

Biosensor for the Nonspecific Determination of Ionic Surfactants

Sulfonic Acids

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