Direct detection of Trichomonas vaginalis virus in Trichomonas vaginalis positive clinical samples from the Netherlands

Jehee, I; Veer, Charlotte van der; Himschoot, M; Hermans, Mirjam H. A.; Bruisten, Sylvia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.09.007

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although TVV can only be transmitted vertically, a single cell can be infected by a single or up to four TVV subspecies in some isolates [ 16 ]. The TVV infection rate among T. vaginalis strains from different geographic origins ranges from 40 to 100%, with TVV1 being the dominant detected subspecies in the USA [ 17 ] and Netherlands [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Ong

Cheng

et al. 2022

Genes

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Accumulated evidence suggests that the endosymbiotic Trichomonasvirus (TVV) may play a role in the pathogenesis and drug susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis. Several reports have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from TVV-positive (TVV+) trichomonads can modulate the immune response in human vaginal epithelial cells and animal models. These results prompted us to examine whether EVs released from TVV+ isolates contained TVV. We isolated small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from six T. vaginalis isolates that were either TVV free (ATCC 50143), harbored a single (ATCC 30236, ATCC 30238, T1), two (ATCC PRA-98), or three TVV subspecies (ATCC 50148). The presence of TVV subspecies in the six isolates was observed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of cup-shaped sEVs with a size range from 30–150 nm. Trichomonas vaginalis tetraspanin (TvTSP1; TVAG_019180), the classical exosome marker, was identified in all the sEV preparations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that all the sEVs isolated from TVV+ isolates contain viral capsid proteins derived from the same TVV subspecies in that isolate as demonstrated by RT-PCR. To provide more comprehensive information on the TVV subspecies population in other T. vaginalis isolates, we investigated the distribution of TVV subspecies in twenty-four isolates by mining the New-Generation Sequencing (NGS) RNAseq datasets. Our results should be beneficial for future studies investigating the role of TVV on the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis and the possible transmission of virus subspecies among different isolates via sEVs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Ong

Cheng

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…Studies, based mainly on RAPD, have demonstrated concordance between T. vaginalis genotype and phenotype, including MTZ susceptibility, the presence of TVV and concurrent Mycoplasma infection [54][55][56] . However, other reports based on RAPD and RFLP patterns of a PCR-generated 28S-18S rRNA intergenic spacer failed to demonstrate concordance between genotype and symptoms [29,50,52] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…van der Veer et al [30] described a MLST tool for T. vaginalis that used nested PCR targeting the same 7 housekeeping genes and revealed that infections with T. vaginalis type I (59.7%) occurred more frequently than type II (40.3%) [30] . More recently, Jehee et al [52] using MLST on T. vaginalis positive clinical samples collected from Amsterdam, found that the isolates were segregated into two-genotype populations, type I (53.7%) and type II (46.2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from Egypt

Mohamed

Elleboudy

Hussein

et al. 2019

Parasitologists United Journal

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Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. It has been estimated that 276 million new infections occurred in 2008 with 11.5% increase over the 2005 incidence rate [1]. Worldwide, the estimated prevalence rates vary with geographic location, age, race, community and the method used for diagnosis. In 2016, the WHO global estimate for trichomoniasis in women was estimated at 5.3% and 0.6% in men with a total incidence of 156 million cases [2]. In Egypt, a prevalence rate of 8.0% was recently documented among symptomatic women in Beni Suef Governorate [3] ; in addition to 11% in Benha, Qalyubia Governorate [4] , and 5% in Cairo [5]. Another older study recorded prevalence rate of 27-57% using different techniques for diagnosing trichomoniasis in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate [6]. While infections are mostly asymptomatic in men, women usually present with vaginal discharge, pruritus and dysuria [7,8]. Trichomoniasis is considered an important risk factor for herpes simplex virus type II infections and HIV transmission and acquisition [9,10]. Data from studies in Africa recorded an increase in HIV transmission associated with trichomoniasis [11-13]. In an American study, the investigators detected T. vaginalis in 20% of HIV-infected pregnant women using PCR assay [14]. Moreover, it may be associated with cervical cytological abnormalities and cervical cancer [15-18]. Such a difference in clinical traits as virulence, pathogenicity and drug resistance, signifies the need to link phenotypic variation to genotype [19]. In Egypt, former attempts to investigate the diversity of T. vaginalis included isoenzyme patterns [20] , serotyping [21] , immunoblotting [22,23] , biological variability [24,25] and HSP70-RFLP [26]. These studies concluded that the different clinical isolates have different and common patterns at the levels of antigens, immunogens, pathogenicity and MTZ resistance. Molecular typing methods revealed a two-type population structure for T. vaginalis, type I and type II [27-31]. Genotype I infections were found to have lower probability of associated discolored discharge, especially bloody discharge, bleeding during physical examination, or presence of greater than 20% clue cells. Infections with genotype II were significantly associated with these pathological findings. The increase in clue cells seen with genotype II are indicative of bacterial vaginosis, providing a change in the vaginal microenvironment that is favorable for infection with other microbial pathogens. Genetic diversity for T.

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“…Prior studies have found an association of TVV with TV isolates in various countries and at different prevalence rates. For countries with more than one study, the prevalence rates are reported as a range from the lowest rate to the highest: USA (30–100%), 11,12,15,17–19,22,25–27,36,44,48–50,52,56,59 Cuba (55–100%), 14,34,38,53–55 South Africa (81.9%), 33 Kenya (43.5%), 47 Brazil (60–100%), 30–32,62 Iran (17–50%), 37,46 India (23.3%), 61 Egypt (20–35%), 57,60 China (50–100%), 51 Philippines (19%), 45 South Korea (13.6%), 35 Taiwan (50–100%), 13,23,24,39–43 the Netherlands (50.4%), 58 and the Czech Republic (33–100%). 20,21,28,29…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,52,61 In contrast, other studies have found an association between TVV and specific symptoms such as vaginal discharge, dysuria, and erythema. 53,54,57,58 Taking into consideration the subspecies present during symptomatic TV infection, TVV1 and TVV2 have unique effects. TVV2 is specifically linked to more severe symptoms of vaginal, cervical, and vulvar erythema, dysuria, dyspareunia, pruritus, and vaginal discharge, while TVV1 is linked to milder symptoms of vaginal discharge, vaginal and cervical erythema, and dysuria.…”

Section: Effects Of Tvv On Clinical Symptom Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a parasitic protozoan responsible for the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) is a nonsegmented, 4.5–5 kbp, double-stranded RNA virus, from the Totiviridae family, which inhabits TV. A capsid protein consisting of 120 subunits is covered in channels aiding in RNA release. TVV is closely associated with the Golgi complex and is transmitted vertically. TVV has four subspecies, TVV1, TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4. The clinical significance of TVV and its effect on the pathogenicity of TV is not well known. We performed a systematic review of the literature on TVV to better understand its clinical significance and its role in the pathogenesis of TV.

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Direct detection of Trichomonas vaginalis virus in Trichomonas vaginalis positive clinical samples from the Netherlands

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Identification of Endosymbiotic Virus in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trichomonas vaginalis

Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from Egypt

Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature

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