Direct conversion of lignin to high-quality biofuels by carbon dioxide-assisted hydrolysis combined with transfer hydrogenolysis over supported ruthenium catalysts

Hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent over sulfonated carbon catalysts

“…We have previously shown that supercritical carbon dioxide-induced carbonic acid is sufficiently acidic to catalyze the hydrolytic depolymerization of lignin to biocrude oils. 41 According to the calculation based on the thermodynamic model reported by Duan et al , 42 the pH of carbonic acid at 150 °C and 100 bar-CO 2 is nearly 3.0. Thus, we envisioned that the added CO 2 can act as an acid co-catalyst for the enhanced hydrolysis of the regenerated cellulose, particularly for the water-insoluble fraction of cellulose due to the homogeneous nature of the carbonic acid.…”

Heteroatom-doped lignin-derived carbon material: performance and application

“…Lignin possesses a high carbon content, 3D network and abundant O-containing functional groups, which can be used as lignin-based solid acids/bases or support. 154,155 Multiheteroatom-doped lignin-based carbon materials show great potential in the eld of catalysis, which is mainly due to their unique physicochemical properties. 5-Hydroxymethyl-furural (5-HMF) is a renewable and multifunctional platform compound that can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of biofuels.…”

Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen Transfer Route from Hot-Compressed 2-Propanol to Diphenyl Ether over NiCo/C Catalyst

“…Various lignin depolymerization technologies have been studied such as pyrolysis, , base or acid-catalyzed depolymerization, ,, hydrolysis, oxidation, , etc. Among these reactions, hydrogenolysis is a promising method to depolymerize lignin owing to its high conversion, selectivity, and low coke formation during the reactions. , Hydrogenolysis reaction enables the scissions of aryl ether bonds such as α-O-4 and β-O-4 existing in lignin by adding H 2 to the ether bonds, thus promoting the depolymerization of lignin.…”

“…Various lignin depolymerization technologies have been studied such as pyrolysis, 14,15 base or acid-catalyzed depolymerization, 3,16,17 hydrolysis, 18 oxidation, 19,20 etc. Among these reactions, hydrogenolysis is a promising method to depolymerize lignin owing to its high conversion, selectivity, and low coke formation during the reactions.…”