Heteroatom-doped lignin-derived carbon material: performance and application

Abstract

This review summarizes the influence of heteroatom-doping on the physicochemical properties of lignin-based carbon, together with its electro-chemical property in batteries and capacitors and adsorption ability for the removal of pollutants.

Regulating the Porous Structure of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials for High Adsorption Performance via Dual Nitrogen Source-Assisted Activation

“…14−17 To enhance the physicochemical properties and adsorption capabilities of carbon materials, chemical activation and heteroatom doping are commonly used for modification. 18,19 Chemical activation involves the use of agents such as KOH, 20 NaOH, 21 K 2 CO 3 , 22 ZnCl 2 , 23 and H 3 PO 4 , 24 which effectively increase the specific surface area and pore structure of materials, thereby improving the diversity and quantities of surface functional groups. Consequently, this leads to an increased number of available binding sites, thereby augmenting the efficiency of adsorption.…”

“…Lignin, as a naturally renewable resource, has become an ideal precursor for carbon material preparation, attributed to its high carbon content, abundant raw material sources, and unique three-dimensional network structure. − Lignin-derived carbon materials not only boast low toxicity and excellent chemical stability but also exhibit high specific surface areas and controllable pore structure, showcasing significant potential in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. − To enhance the physicochemical properties and adsorption capabilities of carbon materials, chemical activation and heteroatom doping are commonly used for modification. , Chemical activation involves the use of agents such as KOH, NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 , which effectively increase the specific surface area and pore structure of materials, thereby improving the diversity and quantities of surface functional groups. Consequently, this leads to an increased number of available binding sites, thereby augmenting the efficiency of adsorption .…”

Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanomaterials Derived from Black Liquor for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…8−11 As the main element in the lignin's complex skeleton is carbon, it is also a promising precursor material to synthesize carbon-based materials. 3,12 Therefore, lignin is a sustainable resource that can be used instead of fossil fuels to produce carbonaceous materials for different applications, including catalyst materials. 12,13 Most commercially available carbon-based materials are synthesized by using environmentally hazardous or timeconsuming methods.…”

“…3,12 Therefore, lignin is a sustainable resource that can be used instead of fossil fuels to produce carbonaceous materials for different applications, including catalyst materials. 12,13 Most commercially available carbon-based materials are synthesized by using environmentally hazardous or timeconsuming methods. For example, carbon blacks (CBs) are synthesized by carrying out partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (oil or gas).…”

“…With the growing number of biorefineries and the promotion of the circular economy, there are various routes that are studied for converting lignin into value-added products. Lignin can be used for producing composites (adhesives, lubricants), textiles, fertilizers, etc. − As the main element in the lignin’s complex skeleton is carbon, it is also a promising precursor material to synthesize carbon-based materials. , Therefore, lignin is a sustainable resource that can be used instead of fossil fuels to produce carbonaceous materials for different applications, including catalyst materials. , …”