Direct-Contact Air, Gravel, Ground Heat Exchanger in Air Treatment Systems for Cowshed Air Conditioning

Besler, M.; Cepiński, Wojciech; Kęskiewicz, Piotr

doi:10.3390/en15010234

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As an alternative, the use of a patented direct contact air, gravel, ground heat exchanger (acronym GAHE) at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology was used to improve the microclimate parameters in dairy barns. An increase in the minimum amount of ventilation air during the winter season and a decrease in the maximum values of this parameter in the summer were observed [29]. The aim of the other study was to describe heat stress reduction strategies and the microclimate in SDF cowsheds from four typical dairy regions of Vietnam (southern lowlands, southern highlands, northern lowlands, and northern highlands) and to determine storage parameters most relevant to the microclimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

2022

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Heat stress is becoming an increasingly important problem in Lithuanian cowsheds. Microclimate formation systems were evaluated in the seven most popular cowsheds in Lithuania, with different wall and roof constructions, insulation, ventilation intensity controls, and one cowshed was additionally equipped with an air-cooling system—the air is cooled by spraying water droplets with a high pressure. In cowsheds equipped with fans to intensify the movement of air, the temperature does not fall below the outdoor temperature and the temperature humidity index (THI) is higher than outdoors. During the heat period, the THI rises to 82 and the cows get moderate thermal stress, which adversely affects feed intake and milk yield of dairy cows. In the cowshed, where the air humidification–cooling system is installed, the air temperature during heat is lower than the average in the field of 2.61 ± 0.74 °C. Although the relative humidity in the cowshed is on average 16.29 ± 4.12% wetter during heat than outside, the THI in the barn is lower than outside. The air temperature in this cowshed decreases by 3.17 ± 0.86 °C compared to cowsheds without an air humidification–cooling system. The air humidification–cooling system creates good conditions to reduce the conditions for cows to experience thermal stress. Further research is needed to optimize the amount of water spray and droplet size and increase the efficiency of the cooling system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

2022

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“…Another critical parameter in housing design is adequate ventilation. A proper ventilation system should contribute to a less stressful environment, with good heat and moisture renewal [110] and quality fresh air [111]. Confinement systems can feature natural ventilation [112,113], mechanical ventilation [114], ceiling fans [115], axial fans [52] and negative pressure ventilation [116,117].…”

Section: Clustering Analysis Of the Titlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Raised in the Confined System: A Scientometric Review

Frigeri

Kachinski

Ghisi

et al. 2023

Animals

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Due to climate change, heat stress is a growing problem for the dairy industry. Based on this, annual economic losses in the dairy sector are verified mainly on a large scale. Despite several publications on thermal stress in lactating dairy cows in confinement systems, there need to be published reviews addressing this issue systematically. Our objective was to scientometrically analyze the effects of heat stress in dairy cows managed in a confinement system. Based on PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based on inclusion criteria for heat stress in a confinement system. Data was obtained from the Web of Science. A total of 604 scientific articles published between 2000 and April 2022 were considered. Data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace. The results pointed to a significant increase in studies on heat stress in lactating cows housed in confinement systems. The main research areas were Agriculture, Dairy Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences. The USA showed the highest concentration of studies (31.12%), followed by China (14.90%). Emerging themes included heat stress and behavior. The most influential journals were the Journal of Dairy Science and the Journal of Animal Science. The top authors were L. H. Baumgard and R. J. Collier. The leading institutions were the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, followed by the State University System of Florida and the University of Florida. The study maps the significant research domains on heat stress of lactating cows in confinement systems, discusses implications and explanations and highlights emerging trends.

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“…The natural temperature of the ground has been the subject of many studies [3][4][5][6]. This property of the soil is used in the gravel, ground, air heat exchanger (GGAHE) [7]. For other climates not considered in this publication, the temperature of the ground in the subsurface layer can vary significantly up to a depth of 20-30 m below the ground level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct-Contact Gravel, Ground, Air Heat Exchanger—Application in Single-Family Residential Passive Buildings

2022

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This paper presents proposals for using the direct-contact gravel, ground, air heat exchanger in single-family residential buildings with a passive house standard, according to the Passive House Institute (PHI). The methodology of their application consists of using heat and cold from the ground at an insignificant depth (about 1.5–4.0 m below the ground level for the central European climate) through an aggregate that is buried in the ground. This solution of simple installations is used for preheating and cooling fresh air drawn into the building through a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery. In more complex applications it can be integrated with the source of heat and cold in passive buildings to create complete heating, cooling, and ventilation systems. In both cases, the air flowing through the exchanger is cooled and dried in summer, heated and humidified in winter, and filtered from pollen and bacteria all year. Direct contact of the deposit with the surrounding native soil facilitates rapid regeneration of the bed temperature. This article presents several proposals for integration with systems ensuring climatic comfort in a passive building, as exemplary applications. The paper presents preliminary estimates of energy (savings of up to 70% of electrical energy consumed), economic (SPBT = 3.65 years), and environmental (69.5% reduction in CO2 emissions) benefits related to implementing this solution in various configurations of technological systems for buildings in Poland. The calculations were carried out for the city of Poznań, taking into account the hourly intervals and using the author’s code written in MS Excel. The analysis of the operation of the direct-contact gravel, ground, air heat exchanger (GGAHE) system is based on a theoretical heat and mass exchange model. The integrated solutions of technical systems presented in this article provide an interesting alternative to traditional heating, cooling, and ventilation systems.

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Direct-Contact Air, Gravel, Ground Heat Exchanger in Air Treatment Systems for Cowshed Air Conditioning

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

Effects of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Raised in the Confined System: A Scientometric Review

The Direct-Contact Gravel, Ground, Air Heat Exchanger—Application in Single-Family Residential Passive Buildings

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