Direct competitive ELISA for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil samples

Abstract

A direct competitive ELISA for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in soil samples was described. The standard calibration curve based on Delor 103 (Aroclor 1242) was constructed in the dynamic range of 10-1000 micro g L(-1) and a detection limit of 5.0-12.9 micro g L(-1) (or 0.5-1.29 micro g g(-1) soil) was achieved. When spiked soil samples were extracted with methanol recoveries were 90.6-106.3 %. The effect of methanol and DMSO on assay signal and sensitivity was established. Eight PCB-contaminated soil samples were analyzed by ELISA and gas chromatography (GC). The ELISA results from Soxhlet extraction were in a good agreement with those of GC (correlation coefficient 0.9866; n=8). Except for one soil sample the results from ELISA with methanol extraction were not significantly different from those from GC.

Trace analysis of contraceptive drug levonorgestrel in wastewater samples by a newly developed indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled with solid phase extraction

“…However, chromatographic methods could not reach the trace levels in the waters without enrichment step and most of them have drawbacks such as long performing time, tedious sample preparation and expensive instrument. Immunochemical techniques, especially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with the features of high sensitivity and specificity, inexpensive instrumentation, simple sample preparation, small sample volumes and rapid analysis have been widely used in environmental analysis [15][16][17][18].…”

Analysis and interpretation of data from real-time PCR trace detection methods using quantitation of GM soya as a model system

“…This is based on the value of the dependent variable for that sample, which is a measured response from an instrument. Calibration curves are produced using standards whose values for the independent variable are known accurately and precisely [27,28,29,30]. Examples of such standards are certified reference materials (CRMs), whose values are certified by a procedure, and are given with an associated uncertainty.…”

Immunoanalysis Methods for the Detection of Dioxins and Related Chemicals

“…In the early days, soil and sediment samples were easily extracted by shaking with methanol or/and Soxhlet [47,54,55] or using an ultrasonic process [56], but these methods did not result in a complete extraction, leading to compound loss or the need for further cleanup. In order to solve these problems, several alternative extraction technologies were introduced, which resulted in time and reagent savings.…”

“…Tsutsumi et al [73] cleaned up sample extracts from retail fish contaminated by dioxin-like PCBs by passing them through a multi-layer silica gel column and an alumina column, resulting in eluents suitable for ELISA assays. Deng et al [55] cleaned soil and sediment samples on a column containing activated Florisil [74]. Nichkova et al [56] utilized a multilayered silica gel column and an activated carbon column to clean up extracted sediment samples contaminated by PCDD/Fs.…”

“…In addition, a sheep polyclonal antibody was developed, which had no cross-reaction with 19 other structurally related compounds, and only 5% cross-reactivity with dichlorodiphenyledichloroethylene (DDE) [91]. Deng et al [55] also applied the sheep antiserum raised against 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl- thyroglobulin immunogen to successfully evaluate eight PCB-contaminated soil samples. Besides polyclonal antibodies used for detection of PCB congeners, Carlson et al [95] used a novel anti-PCDD/Fs polyclonal antiserum to measure TEQ of PCDD/Fs from soil and fly ash samples.…”