Direct-bonded QPM-LN ridge waveguide with high damage resistance at room temperature

Nishida, Y.; Miyazawa, H.; Asobe, Masaki; Tadanaga, O.; Suzuki, H.

doi:10.1049/el:20030402

Cited by 84 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…A long-pass filter transmits infrared components at 1930 nm. These components are then frequency-doubled into the QPM-LN waveguide 50) and recombined with a 965-nm beam propagating through an arm of the f-to-2f self-referencing interferometer. From a signal selected with a grating, the heterodyne beat between the interference components yields a frequency difference fCEO.…”

Section: δ δmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurite-based fibers and their applications to optical communication networks

Mori

2008

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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This paper reviews tellurite-based fibers and their applications to optical communication networks. First, an investigation of tellurite-based glass and the fabrication of conventional step-index fibers and photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are described. By purifying the raw materials and employing a novel PCF fabrication process, low background losses were achieved for an Er 3+ -doped, an undoped tellurite-based fiber and a tellurite-based PCF. Second, the optical properties of Er 3+ -doped tellurite-based glass and fiber, and the gain characteristics of erbium doped tellurite fiber amplifiers (EDTFAs) were studied. A seamless, low noise and gain flattened C + L band EDTFA was realized, and an S + C + L band amplifier was constructed by combining an EDTFA and a thulium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier (TDFFA) in parallel. Third, it is confirmed that the Raman scattering characteristic of tellurite-based fiber has such a large gain coefficient and Stokes shift that it is possible achieve a wideband tellurite-based fiber Raman amplifier. To overcome several problems, a distributed/discrete hybrid tellurite-and silica-based fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) was constructed as an S + C + L band WDM repeater with a gain bandwidth of 127-nm. Fourth, Brillouin amplification and the simulated performance of slow light generation in a tellurite-based fiber were investigated. The fiber exhibits the largest time delay per unit power of 19.9 ns/mW. Finally, a carrier-envelope offset (CEO)-locked frequency comb with low fiber coupling pulse energy (230 pJ) was demonstrated by using a tellurite-based PCF. This method has the potential to lock the CEO with a lower pulse energy and thus provide a low-noise and high-accuracy optical frequency comb at telecommunication wavelengths. These tellurite-based fibers with low background loss thus offer attractive functions for applications in the optical communication field.

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Section: δ δmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurite-based fibers and their applications to optical communication networks

Mori

2008

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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“…The PPLN-WG used in this study was fabricated with a previously described direct-bonding technique [6]. Non-doped z-cut LiNbO 3 crystal was used and its surface was patterned for electrodes.…”

Section: Ppln-wgmentioning

confidence: 99%

4.6 [micro sign]m-band difference frequency generation and CO isotopologue detection

et al. 2009

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There are many strong absorption lines of environmental gases in the mid-infrared region in atmospheric air, including those of greenhouse effect gases. Reported is difference frequency generation in a directbonded periodically poled LiNbO 3 ridge waveguide in the 4.6 mm band, which is the most appropriate wavelength range for observing carbon monoxide absorption spectra. It is also shown that isotopologue absorption lines can be detected using the output light generated in a waveguide with mature telecommunication band laser diode light sources. The direct-bonded ridge waveguide consisted of a 50 mmlong chip and its wavelength conversion efficiency was approximately 4%/W. Introduction:The mid-infrared region and the 2 -5 mm bands are particularly useful for environmental gas detection. The strong absorption lines of various gases can be observed in these wavelength regions. These absorption lines are fundamental and well-known ro-vibration transitions based on the normal vibrations of individual gas molecules. These lines have been observed with quantum cascaded lasers [1] as well as difference frequency generation (DFG) laser sources [2 -5]. DFG light sources using periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) ridge waveguides (WGs) can be constructed with mature telecommunication band laser diodes (LDs). This makes them compact, having highly quantum conversion efficiency, capable of CW-operation at room temperature. Moreover, their wavelengths are easy to control precisely, and their outputs simple to amplify. Since the idler beam of the DFG output in the mid-infrared range can be generated with near-infrared pump and signal beams, the input near-infrared beams can be used as mid-infrared optical axis adjustment guides. This Letter describes 4.6 mm-band DFG in a direct-bonded 50 mm-long PPLN-WG with a 1.03 mm LD as a pump and a 1.3 mm external cavity laser diode source (ECLD) as a tunable signal. The idler output is utilised as a mid-infrared light source to observe the absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide isotopologues, which in this case are 12 CO and 13 CO. The result implies that it is easy to apply this approach to the detection of ambient CO and the sensing of CO partial combustion resulting from oxygen deficiency in the atmosphere.

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“…The waveguide layer thickness was reduced to 9.8 µm by successive lapping and polishing. We then fabricated a 11.6 µm-wide and 22 mm-long waveguide using a dicing saw [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%