Direct biofunctionalization of semiconductors: A survey

Abstract

The covalent attachment of small organic molecules and larger functional biomolecules such as DNA, enzymes, or other proteins on semiconductors is a new field of basic research with a pronounced interdisciplinary flavour. The ultimate goal of this endeavour is the creation of novel organic/inorganic heterostructures which can provide a direct link between the complex worlds of biology and digital electronics on a nanometer scale. The purpose of the present survey is to provide an overview over basic physics aspects, preparation methods, as well as possible applications of biofunctionalized semiconductors based on different material systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Protein film voltammetry: electrochemical enzymatic spectroscopy. A review on recent progress

“…The very high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and structural robustness of carbon nanotubes are crucial physical parameters permitting these materials to be exploited in the electrochemistry of many redox proteins [16][17][18][19]. A quite promising electrode for studying various enzymes is the recently applied diamond electrode [20]. Nanocrystalline diamond or ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films have been found quite suitable for a large variety of substrates [21].…”

“…Though various modifications of the electrode surfaces have been presented so far [5], the search for a "universal" electrode material that has satisfying electron exchanging features towards different enzymes still goes on. In this respect, the diamond electrode [20,21] is probably the most promising material but unfortunately very expensive. While plenty of papers have shown that PFV can be successfully exploited as a sensing tool for ROS detection [5, 13, 16-19, 36, 39-41, 44], there are still a lot of limitations to employ this technique for the direct detection and determination of ROS in the cells.…”

Organic Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire-Based Sensor Devices

“…In this chapter we will discuss issues related to the modification of SiNW-based devices with organic compounds. The topics of SiO x (Aswal, 2006) and Si-H (Aswal, 2006;Stutzmann, 2006;Hamers, 2008) surface modification with covalently linked organic monolayers have been reviewed extensively. However, the main focus of these reviews is on the modification of large planar substrates, while the focus if this chapter is on SiNW-based devices.…”

“…This process results in hydrogen-terminated, oxide-free silicon substrates with Si-H groups. The reaction of Hterminated silicon surfaces with alkenes and alkynes can be performed by making use of high temperatures, UV and visible light irradiation, electrochemistry, hydrosilylation catalysts (e.g., AlCl 3 ), and chemomechanical scribing, as summarized in different reviews (Buriak, 2002;Stutzmann, 2006;Hamers, 2008;Ciampi, 2010).…”

Electrophilic surface sites as precondition for the chemisorption of pyrrole on GaAs(001) surfaces

“…[1][2][3][4] The understanding of the fundamental properties that determine the interaction between organic materials and semiconductor surfaces, however, is still insufficient and represents a key issue for recent semiconductor research. Several authors have pointed out that semiconductor surfaces need to be understood analogously to organic reagents in order to describe the adsorption processes of organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces.…”