Direct and inverse heat transfer in non-contacting face seals

Influence of the cutting parameters on the workpiece temperature during face milling

“…The amount of heat is released per unit of time, so the stream of heat corresponds to the approximate machining power [3][4][5][6]. The source of heat in the machining process includes: work of plastic deformations and division of material (formation of chips), friction on the contact surface and rake face [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Heat generated as a result of the machining process is dissipated through chips, acquired by the tool and the processed material, and raised up to the ambient atmosphere or acquired by the cooling and lubricating liquid [4][5][6].…”

Proportional valve with a piezoelectric actuator

“…This resulted in a design of the proportional valve type 2/2 (two-way, two-position). The design constructed with the use of CFD software required the determination and presentation of a vector velocity field and pressure distribution in the cross-sections of flow windows [5,6]. The maximum flow values for the valve spool were determined on the basis of simulation studies.…”

The impact of cooling methods on the maximum temperature of the processed object during side milling

“…During the process of machining, heat is generated as a result of elastic and plastic deformation of the material and of friction occurring between the contact surface and the processed material [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. An additional source of providing heat to the area of machining it the work of friction of chips against the surface of the tool.…”

“…It has a significant meaning during performance of precision parts of machines with high reliability [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], as well as prototypes [24] i.e. contactless face seals [4][5][6][7][8] of gyroscopes etc. [24][25][26].…”