Direct and indirect impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumonia hospitalizations and economic burden in all age-groups in Brazil: A time-series analysis

Andrade, Ana Lúcia; Afonso, Eliane Terezinha; Minamisava, Ruth; Bierrenbach, Ana Luiza; Cristo, Elier B.; Morais-Neto, Otaliba L.; Policena, Gabriela; Domingues, Carla Magda Allan Santos; Toscano, Cristiana M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184204

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In addition, experience with rotavirus and pneumococcal diseases has further shown that effective use of vaccines can reduce diagnostic and treatment costs, numbers of ambulatory care visits, medical interventions, and hospitalizations. [8][9][10][11][12][13] It can also prevent nosocomial infections, and, in other cases, indirectly prevent some types of cancer. 14 Dual vaccination with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines protects older adults with chronic illness from hospitalization for certain respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases, thereby reducing the risk of intensive care unit admission and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Badur¹,

Ota

Öztürk³

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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During the 20 th century, the discovery of modern vaccines and ensuing mass vaccination dramatically decreased the incidence of many infectious diseases and in some cases eliminated them. Despite this, we are now witnessing a decrease in vaccine confidence that threatens to reverse the progress made. Considering the different extents of low vaccine confidence in different countries of the world, both developed and developing, we aim to contribute to the discussion of the reasons for this, and to propose some viable scientific solutions to build or help restore vaccine confidence worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Badur¹,

Ota

Öztürk³

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In the other two metropolises (São Paulo e Porto Alegre), there was no significant decline in the amount of cases, possibly because the vaccine coverage in those cities in 2011 was lower (80%) than in the other three (< 90%) (Andrade, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of community acquired pneumonia in children in northeast Brazil

Medeiros

Berezin

2020

RSD

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Evaluating the impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the hospitalization of children under five years of age before and after its implementation in the city of Patos, PB – Brazil. The first part of this paper comprises a descriptive study with a transversal approach; the data were collected through scrutiny of the patients’ hospital records. For that effect, every medical record found from 2005 until 2015 (periods before and after the introduction of the PVC10 to the Brazilian vaccination schedule) were examined, the ones diagnosed with pneumonia were selected and those that belonged to children from Patos were analysed. The second part includes an ecological time series, whose data were collected from the Paraiba State 6thRegional Health Section database to access information from the National Immunization Program Information System (NIP-IS). It has been found that there were 1,094 hospitalizations for pneumonia on children under 5 years of age within the ten-year-period investigated. The data confirm a declining tendency of hospital admissions for pneumonia in the city of Patos-PB in the analyzed time series, and the PVC10 vaccination coverage has been effective in the analyzed municipality. Despite the declining tendency, the number of cases is still considerably high. Being aware that in the health-disease process children’s hospitalizations are caused by multiple variables including social, economic and cultural issues, it is fundamental the establishment of public policies as well as active surveillance that continuously evaluates the profiles and occurrences of pneumonia cases in Brazil.

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“…Particularly, we found two studies assessing the cost of measles in the Federated States of Micronesia [49] and the cost of measles and rubella in Romania [50] -a first for measles and rubella in LMIC. Other studies examined further the cost of GE [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], pneumonia [51,52,[59][60][61][62][63], and influenza [64,65]. Some of them generated COI estimates from a programmatic approach, evaluating the cost of treating diarrhea and pneumonia through an integrated community case management [51,52,59].…”

Section: Limitations Of This Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of Nine Pediatric Infectious Illnesses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cost-of-Illness Studies

Broucker¹,

Sim

Brenzel

et al. 2020

PharmacoEconomics

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Background Cost-of-illness data from empirical studies provide insights into the use of healthcare resources including both expenditures and the opportunity cost related to receiving treatment. Objective The objective of this systematic review was to gather cost data and relevant parameters for hepatitis B, pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis, rubella, yellow fever, measles, influenza, and acute gastroenteritis in children in low- and middle-income countries. Data Sources Peer-reviewed studies published in public health, medical, and economic journals indexed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and EconLit. Study Eligibility Criteria, Participants, and Interventions Studies must (1) be peer reviewed, (2) be published in 2000–2016, (3) provide cost data for one of the nine diseases in children aged under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries, and (4) generated from primary data collection. Limitations We cannot exclude missing a few articles in our review. Measures were taken to reduce this risk. Several articles published since 2016 are omitted from the systematic review results, these articles are included in the discussion. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings The review yielded 37 articles and 267 sets of cost estimates. We found no cost-of-illness studies with cost estimates for hepatitis B, measles, rubella, or yellow fever from primary data. Most estimates were from countries in Gavi preparatory (28%) and accelerated (28%) transition, followed by those who are initiating self-financing (22%) and those not eligible for Gavi support (19%). Thirteen articles compared household expenses to manage illnesses with income and two articles with other household expenses, such as food, clothing, and rent. An episode of illness represented 1–75% of the household’s monthly income or 10–83% of its monthly expenses. Articles that presented both household and government perspectives showed that most often governments incurred greater costs than households, including non-medical and indirect costs, across countries of all income statuses, with a few notable exceptions. Although limited for low- and middle-income country settings, cost estimates generated from primary data collection provided a ‘real-world’ estimate of the economic burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Additional information on whether common situations preventing the application of official clinical guidelines (such as medication stock-outs) occurred would help reveal deficiencies in the health system. Improving the availability of cost-of-illness evidence can inform the public policy agenda about healthcare priorities and can help to operationalize the healthcare budget in local health systems to respond adequately to the burden of illness in the community.

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Direct and indirect impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumonia hospitalizations and economic burden in all age-groups in Brazil: A time-series analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of community acquired pneumonia in children in northeast Brazil

Cost of Nine Pediatric Infectious Illnesses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cost-of-Illness Studies

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