Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Badur, Selim; Ota, Martin O. C.; Öztürk, Serdar; Adegbola, Richard A.; Dutta, Anil

doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1740559

Cited by 81 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…COVID-19, an acute respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. The pandemic has caused a significant burden with over 69 million infections and an estimated 1.5 million deaths worldwide as of 10 December 2020 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data

Nuzhath¹,

Tasnim²,

Sanjwal³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant burden of mortality and morbidity. A vaccine will be the most effective global preventive strategy to end the pandemic. Studies have maintained that exposure to negative sentiments related to vaccination on social media increase vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Despite the influence social media has on vaccination behavior, there is a lack of studies exploring the public's exposure to misinformation, conspiracy theories, and concerns on Twitter regarding a potential COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: The study aims to identify the major thematic areas about a potential COVID-19 vaccination based on the contents of Twitter data. Method: We retrieved 1,286,659 publicly available tweets posted within the timeline of July 19, 2020, to August 19, 2020, leveraging the Twint package. Following the extraction, we used Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modelling and identified 20 topics discussed in the tweets. We selected 4,868 tweets with the highest probability of belonging in the specific cluster and manually labeled as positive, negative, neutral, or irrelevant. The negative tweets were further assigned to a theme and subtheme based on the contentResult: The negative tweets were further categorized into 7 major themes: "safety and effectiveness,” "misinformation,” "conspiracy theories,” "mistrust of scientists and governments,” "lack of intent to get a COVID-19 vaccine,” "freedom of choice," and "religious beliefs. Negative tweets predominantly consisted of misleading statements (n=424) that immunization against coronavirus is unnecessary as the survival rate is high. The second most prevalent theme to emerge was tweets constituting safety and effectiveness related concerns (n=276) regarding the side effects of a potential vaccine developed at an unprecedented speed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a need to formulate a large-scale vaccine communication plan that will address the safety concerns and debunk the misinformation and conspiracy theories spreading across social media platforms, increasing the public's acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data

Nuzhath¹,

Tasnim²,

Sanjwal³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vaccination is one of the most meaningful achievements of medicine that has enormously limited the spread of infectious diseases over the last 20 decades [11,12]. Discovered in the 1700s, vaccination is considered a useful economic strategy able to preserve human health by preventing or eradicating infectious diseases, thus helping to maintain a high quality of life [13].…”

Section: Vaccines As a Tool To Prevent Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discovered in the 1700s, vaccination is considered a useful economic strategy able to preserve human health by preventing or eradicating infectious diseases, thus helping to maintain a high quality of life [13]. During the 20th century, mass vaccination led to a huge decrease in the incidence and morbidity of many infectious diseases and, interestingly, in various countries vaccination became a routine strategy that led to the reduction and elimination of a number of infectious diseases [12]. Nevertheless, while the smallpox vaccine represents a successful vaccine achievement which lead to the disease being eradicated globally, there is still the urgency to develop safe and cost-effective vaccines against recent diseases such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2, which are currently severe issues for public health worldwide.…”

Section: Vaccines As a Tool To Prevent Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, due to the herd immunity, persons who do not receive a vaccination have a reduced risk of being infected once a high percentage of the population has been immunized [14]. Moreover, vaccination can also limit the use of antibiotic based therapy [15,16], thus affecting the antimicrobial resistance, as proved [12]. Interestingly, being effective in reducing disease currency and associated mortality, vaccination also avoids additional costs of medical care.…”

Section: Vaccines As a Tool To Prevent Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such immunity is generated by the immunization process containing an element of the disease inducing agent (e.g., a killed or live attenuated form of the pathogen). Currently, many of the most successful and safe vaccines used attenuated variants of a target pathogen resulting in a mild infection able to produce long-lasting immunity [12]. Protein-based vaccines depend on the presence of adjuvants in order to induce both an innate and adaptive immune response and subsequently to generate protective immunological memory to the vaccine antigen, since proteins alone are often not very immunogenic [34].…”

Section: Adenoviruses As a Promising Vaccine Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Based Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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The current appearance of the new SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it quickly spreading across the world poses a global health emergency. The serious outbreak position is affecting people worldwide and requires rapid measures to be taken by healthcare systems and governments. Vaccinations represent the most effective strategy to prevent the epidemic of the virus and to further reduce morbidity and mortality with long-lasting effects. Nevertheless, currently there are no licensed vaccines for the novel coronaviruses. Researchers and clinicians from all over the world are advancing the development of a vaccine against novel human SARS-CoV-2 using various approaches. Herein, we aim to present and discuss the progress and prospects in the field of vaccine research towards SARS-CoV-2 using adenovirus (AdV) replication deficient-based strategies, with a comprehension that may support research and combat this recent world health emergency.

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Vaccination: Hesitancy and Acceptance

Koinig¹,

Kohler²

2022

The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication

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The ongoing debate surrounding vaccination uptake or refusal is far from over, much less so in view of the introduction of the first COVID‐19 vaccines. Even though global healthcare has seen significant progress over the past decades, deaths caused by vaccine‐preventable diseases remain an important health issue worldwide. This might be conditioned by the existence of numerous myths surrounding vaccination, or the negative consequences associated with vaccination. While new technologies in general and social media in particular provide vaccination‐hesitant individuals with new media outlets, they might also present a remedy to battle vaccination hesitancy. Yet, the sole reliance on information to shape individual perceptions of vaccination does not suffice anymore, as traditional information tools (e.g., posters and brochures) were deemed unsuitable to change individuals' attitudes toward vaccination. Instead, the inclusion of contextual determinants, social and cultural norms, religion, and education is proposed. Responses and attitudes toward vaccines are influenced by social norms and motivation factors, including individuals' capabilities, risk perceptions, confidence levels, and concerns. Further, clinicians have been found to play a critical role in shaping individuals' vaccination‐related attitudes and behaviors. The most cited reasons for individuals' reluctance to get vaccinated concern a lack of trust in healthcare systems, clinicians, and the actual vaccination. For this reason, vaccine‐related information should be both transparent and credible, as well as easily comprehensible. At the same time, information should be targeted toward specific audiences and tailored to their respective communicative needs to increase compliance with recommended health behaviors.

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Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust

Cited by 81 publications

References 101 publications

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data

Prospects of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Based Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2

Vaccination: Hesitancy and Acceptance

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