Direct and Indirect Bactericidal Effects of Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Microplasma and Plasma Jet

Abstract

The direct and indirect bactericidal effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold atmospheric-pressure microplasma in an air and plasma jet generated in an argon-oxygen gas mixture was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes. An AC power supply was used to generate plasma at relatively low discharge voltages (0.9–2.4 kV) and frequency (27–30 kHz). Cultured bacteria were cultivated at a serial dilution of 10−5, then exposed to direct microplasma treatment and indirect treatment through plasma-activated water (PAW). The obtained results revealed that these methods of bacterial inactivation showed a 2 and 1 log reduction in the number of survived CFU/mL with direct treatment being the most effective means of treatment at just 3 min using air. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed that an increase in treatment time at 1.2% O2, 98.8% Ar caused a decrease in O2 concentration in the water as well as a decrease in absorbance of the peaks at 210 nm, which are attributed NO2− and NO3− concentration in the water, termed denitratification and denitritification in the treated water, respectively.

Effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on chlorine-adapted Salmonella enterica on spring onion

“…Nevertheless, plasma‐activated water expands the bacterial inactivation area to a greater extent than the electrode's cross‐sectional area, so the use of direct and indirect ACP could have synergistic antibacterial effects (Yahaya et al . 2021).…”

“…In contrast, the inner area of onion leaves mainly was exposed to plasma-activated water, and so weaker antimicrobial activity of plasma was applied on the inner area. Nevertheless, plasma-activated water expands the bacterial inactivation area to a greater extent than the electrode's cross-sectional area, so the use of direct and indirect ACP could have synergistic antibacterial effects (Yahaya et al 2021).…”

The Regulatory Mechanism of Cold Plasma in Relation to Cell Activity and Its Application in Biomedical and Animal Husbandry Practices

“…CINOGY GmbH Plasma Derm DBD, AdtecSteriPlas ® DBD [ 31 ] and MED NTPJ [ 29 ] are IIa medical devices that have been certified by CE in Germany. Cold plasma technology has been extensively used in the fields of sterilization [ 18 , 32 ], blood coagulation [ 33 ], inactivated vaccine preparation [ 20 ], biofunctionalized materials [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], and oral treatment [ 4 ]. In addition, low-intensity cold plasma treatment administered over a short period of time can successfully promote cell proliferation activity; therefore, it is used to promote angiogenesis, tissue vascularization, wound healing, skin repair, and tissue regeneration.…”

“…In addition to its application in biomedical fields, cold plasma is also mainly used, at present, in the processes of sterilization [ 18 ], biological purification [ 19 ], vaccine production [ 20 ], and food processing [ 21 ]. Our previous studies showed that appropriate cold plasma treatment promoted the development of chicken embryos [ 22 ], the growth rate of chickens and the reproductive performance of roosters [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], and affected the proliferation of Sertoli cells in chicks [ 27 ].…”

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet based on the dielectric barrier discharge

“…Plasma medicine is an exciting field where life science and physics intersect. The ability to produce a cold plasma at atmospheric pressure, which is characterized by a multitude of charged particles, reactive gaseous species, electric current, and ultraviolet rays, has been the basis for the fast growth of plasma-related application areas in biomedicine [30]. Plasma can be used in oncology or cancerology; it has been demonstrated that plasma causes apoptosis or programmed physiological cell death of tumor cells as well as reducing skin tumors [31].…”