Diploid endosperm formation in Tulipa spp. and identification of a 1:1 maternal-to-paternal genome ratio in endosperms of T. gesneriana L.

Mizuochi, Hitoshi; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Moue, Takehiko; Okazaki, Keiichi

doi:10.1007/s00497-008-0088-6

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While tulip may be an appropriate Fritillaria-type for comparison, only few works on tulip hybridization have been reported (Van Eijk et al 1991;Van Creij et al 1997, and even fewer on tulip 3x 9 2x/ 4x crosses (Mizuochi et al 2009). Mizuochi et al did observe, however, that the ratio of embryo and endosperm ploidy level of 2x 9 2x or 3x 9 2x in tulip is invariably 1:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of endosperm development of allotriploid × diploid/tetraploid crosses in Lilium

Zhou

2011

Euphytica

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Lilium are Fritillaria-type plants. Triploid lilies, regardless of their male sterility, can be used as female parents to cross with appropriate males, in contrast to other triploid Polygonum-type plants, which are usually seedless. Up to now, however, little attention has been paid to the reason. Here we made allotriploid 9 diploid/tetraploid crosses in Lilium. Endosperm and progenies of LAA 9 AA/AAAA crosses were analyzed for ploidy level and genome composition. The endosperm of some LAA 9 AA/ AAAA ovules developed well but there was little or no development of LAA 9 LL/OO endosperm. The endosperm genome composition of LAA 9 AA, LAA 9 AAAA, LAA 9 LL, LAA 9 OO are theoretically derived as 5A ? 2L, 6A ? 2L, 4A ? 3L, 4A ? 2L ? O, respectively. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the progenies of LAA 9 AA/ AAAA were aneuploid. Based on the experimental results and analyses, our hypothesis is that five same genomes of endosperms are essential for its development in triploid 9 diploid/tetraploid crosses of Lilium. The hypothesis can explain the success or failure of 3x 9 2x/4x crosses in Lilium and is of importance for lily breeders who need to know the likelihood of success when producing new cultivars of this economically important horticultural crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of endosperm development of allotriploid × diploid/tetraploid crosses in Lilium

Zhou

2011

Euphytica

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“…Because the central cell of most flowering plant species is homodiploid (2 x ) and fertilized by a haploid male gamete ( x ), the resulting endosperm is triploid (2 + 1) and, therefore, genetically distinct from the diploid embryo (1 + 1). The endosperm of most angiosperms is triploid, with a 2:1 ratio of the maternal to the paternal genome, although exceptions have been found in some species (Williams and Friedman, 2002; Mizuochi et al , 2009). Endosperm is particularly sensitive to ploidy unbalance (Köhler et al , 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite and flow cytometry analysis to help understand the origin of Dioscorea alata polyploids

Némorin

David²,

Maledon

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Dioscorea alatais a polyploid species with a ploidy level ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 40) to tetraploid (2n = 4x = 80). Ploidy increase is correlated with better agronomic performance. The lack of knowledge about the origin of D. alata spontaneous polyploids (triploids and tetraploids) limits the efficiency of polyploid breeding. The objective of the present study was to use flow cytometry and microsatellite markers to understand the origin of D. alata polyploids.MethodsDifferent progeny generated by intracytotype crosses (2x × 2x) and intercytotype crosses (2x × 4x and 3x × 2x) were analysed in order to understand endosperm incompatibility phenomena and gamete origins via the heterozygosity rate transmitted to progeny.ResultsThis work shows that in a 2x × 2x cross, triploids with viable seeds are obtained only via a phenomenon of diploid female non-gametic reduction. The study of the transmission of heterozygosity made it possible to exclude polyspermy and polyembryony as the mechanisms at the origin of triploids. The fact that no seedlings were obtained by a 3x × 2x cross made it possible to confirm the sterility of triploid females. Flow cytometry analyses carried out on the endosperm of seeds resulting from 2x × 4x crosses revealed endosperm incompatibility phenomena.ConclusionsThe major conclusion is that the polyploids of D. alata would have appeared through the formation of unreduced gametes. The triploid pool would have been built and diversified through the formation of 2n gametes in diploid females as the result of the non-viability of seeds resulting from the formation of 2n sperm and of the non-viability of intercytotype crosses. The tetraploids would have appeared through bilateral sexual polyploidization via the union of two unreduced gametes due to the sterility of triploids.

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“…In lilies, these crosses resulted in all triploid or near-triploid seedlings derived from viable 2n gametes from triploid male parents (Marasek-Ciolakowska et al, 2014). In Tulipa, 2x • 3x crosses yielded a majority of diploid and near-diploid progeny with a small percent of neartriploids (Mizuochi et al, 2009). This same study found that the reciprocal cross in Tulipa yielded a binomial distribution of aneuploids, with the female triploid parent producing a wide range of fertile aneuploids (Mizuochi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Series Zmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In Tulipa, 2x • 3x crosses yielded a majority of diploid and near-diploid progeny with a small percent of neartriploids (Mizuochi et al, 2009). This same study found that the reciprocal cross in Tulipa yielded a binomial distribution of aneuploids, with the female triploid parent producing a wide range of fertile aneuploids (Mizuochi et al, 2009). Similar to lilies, 2x • 3x crosses in Allium schoenoprasum (Levan, 1936) and C. sativus (Diao et al, 2009) resulted in diploids or neardiploids with a small percent of near-triploids; the reciprocal crosses yielded a wider range of aneuploids.…”

Section: Series Zmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ploidy and Genome Size in Lilac Species, Cultivars, and Interploid Hybrids

Lattier¹,

Contreras²

2017

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Genome size variation can be used to investigate biodiversity, genome evolution, and taxonomic relationships among related taxa. Plant breeders use genome size variation to identify parents useful for breeding sterile or improved ornamentals. Lilacs (Syringa) are deciduous trees and shrubs valued for their fragrant spring and summer flowers. The genus is divided into six series: Syringa (Vulgares), Pinnatifoliae, Ligustrae, Ligustrina, Pubescentes, and Villosae. Reports conflict on genome evolution, base chromosome number, and polyploidy in lilac. The purpose of this study was to investigate genome size and ploidy variation across a diverse collection. Flow cytometry was used to estimate monoploid (1Cx) and holoploid (2C) genome sizes in series, species, cultivars, and seedlings from parents with three ploidy combinations: 2x x 2x, 2x x 3x, and 3x x 2x. Pollen diameter was measured to investigate the frequency of unreduced gametes in diploid and triploid Syringa vulgaris cultivars. Three triploids of S. vulgaris were observed: ‘Aucubaefolia’, ‘Agincourt Beauty’, and ‘President Grévy’. Across taxa, significant variations in 1Cx genome size were discovered. The smallest and largest values were found in the interspecific hybrids S. ×laciniata (1.32 ± 0.04 pg) and S. ×hyacinthiflora ‘Old Glory’ (1.78 ± 0.05), both of which are in series Syringa. Series Syringa (1.68 ± 0.02 pg) had a significantly larger 1Cx genome size than the other series. No significant differences were found within series Pubescentes (1.47 ± 0.01 pg), Villosae (1.55 ± 0.02 pg), Ligustrina (1.49 ± 0.05 pg), and Pinnatifoliae (1.52 ± 0.02 pg). For S. vulgaris crosses, no significant variation in 2C genome size was discovered in 2x x 2x crosses. Interploid crosses between ‘Blue Skies’ (2x) and ‘President Grévy’ (3x) produced an aneuploid population with variable 2C genome sizes ranging from 3.41 ± 0.03 to 4.35 ± 0.03 pg. Only one viable seedling was recovered from a cross combination between ‘President Grévy’ (3x) and ‘Sensation’ (2x). This seedling had a larger 2C genome size (5.65 ± 0.02 pg) than either parent and the largest 2C genome size currently reported in lilac. ‘Sensation’ produced 8.5% unreduced pollen, which we inferred was responsible for the increased genome size. No unreduced pollen was discovered in the other diploids examined. Increased ploidy may provide a mechanism for recovering progeny from incompatible taxa in lilac breeding.

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Diploid endosperm formation in Tulipa spp. and identification of a 1:1 maternal-to-paternal genome ratio in endosperms of T. gesneriana L.

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of endosperm development of allotriploid × diploid/tetraploid crosses in Lilium

Analysis of endosperm development of allotriploid × diploid/tetraploid crosses in Lilium

Microsatellite and flow cytometry analysis to help understand the origin of Dioscorea alata polyploids

Ploidy and Genome Size in Lilac Species, Cultivars, and Interploid Hybrids

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