Diploic vessels and computed tomography: Segmentation and comparison in modern humans and fossil hominids

Lázaro, Gizéh Rangel de; Cuétara, José Manuel de la; Píšová, Hana; Lorenzo, Carlos; Bruner, Emiliano

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22878

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The expanded parietal region includes cortex that is highly metabolically active (Cavanna and Trimble 2006; Sotero and Iturria-Medina 2011). These same areas are associated, only in modern humans and not in other extinct hominids, with expanded vascular networks (Bruner et al 2011; Rangel de Lázaro et al 2015), and are close to the thermal core of the brain (Bruner et al, 2012). All these changes may therefore suggest a relationship between morphological complexity, encephalization, vascular adaptations, and thermoregulation (Bruner et al 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution

et al. 2016

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The evolution of neurocranial morphology in Homo sapiens is characterized by bulging of the parietal region, a feature unique to our species. In modern humans, expansion of the parietal surface occurs during the first year of life, in a morphogenetic stage which is absent in chimpanzees and Neandertals. A similar variation in brain shape among living adult humans is associated with expansion of the precuneus. Using MRI-derived structural brain templates, we compare medial brain morphology between humans and chimpanzees through shape analysis and geometrical modeling. We find that the main spatial difference is a prominent expansion of the precuneus in our species, providing further evidence of evolutionary changes associated with this area. The precuneus is a major hub of brain organization, a central node of the default-mode network, and plays an essential role in visuospatial integration. Together, the comparative neuroanatomical and paleontological evidence suggest that precuneus expansion is a specialization of Homo sapiens that evolved in the last 150,000 years that may be associated with recent human cognitive specializations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution

et al. 2016

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“…Additional evidence comes from the vascular system: only H. sapiens has a complex and reticulated endocranial vascular network as far as we can see for the meningeal and diploic vessels [Bruner et al, 2005;Bruner and Sherkat, 2008;Rangel de Lázaro et al, 2016]. Vascular morphology can show important individual variation, and the mechanisms and factors involved in such diversity are still not known.…”

Section: Parietal Lobes and The Study Of Brain Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Human Paleoneurology and the Evolution of the Parietal Cortex

Bruner¹

2018

Brain Behav Evol

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Paleoneurology deals with the study of brain anatomy in fossil species, as inferred from the morphology of their endocranial features. When compared with other living and extinct hominids, Homo sapiens is characterized by larger parietal bones and, according to the paleoneurological evidence, also by larger parietal lobes. The dorsal elements of the posterior parietal cortex (superior parietal lobules, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus) may be involved in these morphological changes. This parietal expansion was also associated with an increase in the corresponding vascular networks, and possibly with increased heat loads. Only H. sapiens has a specific early ontogenetic stage in which brain form achieves such globular appearance. In adult modern humans, the precuneus displays remarkable variation, being largely responsible for the longitudinal parietal size. The precuneus is also much more expanded in modern humans than in chimpanzees. Parietal expansion is not influenced by brain size in fossil hominids or living primates. Therefore, our larger parietal cortex must be interpreted as a derived feature. Spatial models suggest that the dorsal and anterior areas of the precuneus might be involved in these derived morphological variations. These areas are crucial for visuospatial integration, and are sensitive to both genetic and environmental influences. This article reviews almost 20 years of my collaborations on human parietal lobe evolution, integrating functional craniology, paleoneurology, and evolutionary neuroanatomy.

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“…Hershkovitz et al () identified five distinct patterns of diploic vein distribution, with no patent correlation with age and gender. Also for the diploic vessels, modern humans apparently display more complex vascular morphology when compared with other hominids, mostly at the parietal bone (Rangél de Lázaro et al, )…”

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confidence: 99%

Parietal Bone Thickness and Vascular Diameters in Adult Modern Humans: A Survey on Cranial Remains

Eisová

Lázaro

Píšová

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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4 Katedra antropologie a genetiky člov eka, Univerzita Karlova, Czech Republic 5 Antropologick e odd elen ı P r ırodov edeck eho muzea, Narodnı Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT Cranial bone thickness varies among modern humans, and many factors influencing this variability remain unclear. Growth hormones and physical activity are thought to influence the vault thickness. Considering that both systemic factors and energy supply influence the vascular system, and taking into account the structural and biomechanical interaction between endocranial vessels and vault bones, in this study we evaluate the correlation between vascular and bone diameters. In particular, we tested the relationship between the thickness of the parietal bone (which is characterized, in modern humans, by a complex vascular network) and the lumen size of the middle meningeal and diploic vessels, in adult modern humans. Our results show no patent correlation between the thickness of parietal bone and the size of the main vascular channels. Values and distributions of the branching patterns, as well as anatomical relationships between vessels and bones, are also described in order to provide information concerning the arrangement of the endocranial vascular morphology. This information is relevant in both evolutionary and medical contexts. Anat Rec,

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Diploic vessels and computed tomography: Segmentation and comparison in modern humans and fossil hominids

Abstract: Modern humans display a large variation in their morphological patterns, being the parietal area the most vascularized. The pattern of the diploic channels may be relevant in anthropology, medicine, and paleontology, taking into account their possible involvement in thermoregulation.

Cited by 40 publications

References 74 publications

Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution

Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution

Human Paleoneurology and the Evolution of the Parietal Cortex

Parietal Bone Thickness and Vascular Diameters in Adult Modern Humans: A Survey on Cranial Remains

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