Parietal Bone Thickness and Vascular Diameters in Adult Modern Humans: A Survey on Cranial Remains

Eisová, Stanislava; Lázaro, Gizéh Rangel de; Píšová, Hana; Pereira‐Pedro, Ana Sofia; Bruner, Emiliano

doi:10.1002/ar.23348

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, Eisová et al () hypothesized that a systemic effect of exercise could only increase CVT through expanded blood flow to the bone, which might cause expansion of the middle meningeal and diploic vessels. They found no correlation between parietal thickness and the size of the major vascular channels supplying the bone in a sample of modern human skulls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity, growth hormones, and systemic robusticity: An investigation of cranial vault thickness in mouse lines bred for high endurance running

Copes

Schutz

Dlugsoz

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity, growth hormones, and systemic robusticity: An investigation of cranial vault thickness in mouse lines bred for high endurance running

Copes

Schutz

Dlugsoz

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…the diameter) of the vessel ranging between 2.46 ± 0.51 mm for the first (larger) order and 1.11 ± 0.28 mm for the fifth (smaller) order (Eisová et al. ). The main branches of the arteries are accompanied by satellite, usually paired, veins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

et al. 2019

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The vascular networks running into the meningeal layers, between the brain and braincase, leave imprints on the endocranial surface. These traces are visible in osteological specimens and skeletal collections, providing indirect evidence of vascular patterns in those cases in which bone remains are the only source of anatomical information, such as in forensic science, bioarchaeology and paleontology. The main vascular elements are associated with the middle meningeal artery, the venous sinuses of the dura mater, and the emissary veins. Most of these vascular systems have been hypothesized to be involved in endocranial thermal regulation. Although these traits deal with macroanatomical features, much information on their variation is still lacking.In this survey, we analyze a set of craniovascular imprints in two European dry skull samples with different neurocranial proportions: a brachycephalic Czech sample (n = 103) and a mesocephalic Italian sample (n = 152). We analyzed variation and distribution, correlation with cranial metrics, and sex differences in the dominance of the branches of the middle meningeal artery, the patterns of confluence of the sinuses, and the size of the emissary foramina. The descriptive statistics provide a reference to compare specimens and samples from different case studies. When compared with the Italian skulls, the Czech skulls display a greater dominance of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and more asymmetric right-dominance of the confluence of the venous sinuses. There is no sex difference in the middle meningeal vessels, but males show a greater prevalence of the occipito-marginal draining system. Differences in the middle meningeal vessels or venous sinuses are apparently not influenced by cranial dimensions or proportions. The mastoid foramina are larger in larger and more brachycephalic skulls, which increases the emissary potential flow in the Czech sample and males, when compared with the Italian samples and females, respectively. The number of mastoid foramina increases in wider skulls. This anatomic information is necessary to develop further morphological and functional inferences on the relationships between neurocranial bones and vessels at the genetic, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic levels.

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“…The skull is the most studied anatomical element of the skeleton because of its complexity and relationship with the brain, as well as with the masticatory and sensory organs (Scheuer and Black, 2000;White et al, 2011). In anthropology and osteoarchaeology, cranial vault thickness (CVT) is a remarkable metric variable, which refers to the distance between the endocranial and ectocranial surfaces of the vault bones (Anzelmo et al, 2015;Eisová et al, 2016), and has been studied by many authors in different species and human groups, and in several biological contexts (e.g. Nawrocki, 1991;Gauld, 1996;Balzeau, 2013;Marsh, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial vault thickness measurement and distribution: a study with a magnetic calliper

Lianes

Bruner

Cambra‐Moo

et al. 2019

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Cranial vault thickness is a widely studied variable in physical anthropology. However, direct physical measurements are difficult to assess in complete skulls, where the endocranial surface is not easily accessible for standard callipers. Computed tomography represents the best alternative, but is expensive and not always available for many field or museum samples. In this study we present a method for the measurement of cranial vault thickness based on magnetism. We measured bone thickness at 71 points of the vault in 30 human skulls with the use of a portable magnetic calliper, which offers a simple, direct, non-invasive, and cost-effective methodology. Magnetic measures were compared with physical measures sampled with a traditional spreading calliper, and error analysis was assessed. Thickness distribution was evaluated and represented in bidimensional maps after spatial interpolation. The two types of callipers provide the same results, suggesting that the magnetic calliper can be used in those situations in which a traditional calliper is not applicable. In accordance with previously published data, the most variable and thickest bones in our sample were the frontal and the occipital bones, and cranial vault thickness distribution follows a pattern of increasing thickness from lateral regions of the vault to the sagittal plane. The magnetic calliper is a reliable and effective tool to measure cranial thickness in those cases in which the endocranial surface is not easily accessible, and where expensive technology cannot be employed for economic or practical reasons.

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Parietal Bone Thickness and Vascular Diameters in Adult Modern Humans: A Survey on Cranial Remains

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Locomotor activity, growth hormones, and systemic robusticity: An investigation of cranial vault thickness in mouse lines bred for high endurance running

Locomotor activity, growth hormones, and systemic robusticity: An investigation of cranial vault thickness in mouse lines bred for high endurance running

Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

Cranial vault thickness measurement and distribution: a study with a magnetic calliper

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