“…In fact, thorium can form phosphine complexes as shown in the 1980s by Andersen, who prepared a series of ThX 4 (dmpe) 2 complexes where dmpe is 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino) ethane and X is halide, alkyl, or alkoxide [5,6]. Since then, however, only a few other thorium phosphine complexes have been described: Cp 2 ThX 2 (dmpe), where X is halide, alkyl, or alkoxide [7,8]; the mixed phosphinophosphide Th[P(CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ) 2 ] 4 and its CO insertion product [9]; and phosphinoamide complexes of stoichiometry ThCl x [N(CH 2 CH 2 PR 2 ) 2 ] 4 À x , where x ¼ 1e3 [9]. Although competitive binding studies show that trivalent actinides bind phosphines in preference to amines [10], there have been no comparable studies of tetravalent actinides.…”